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Musical Tributes of Condolence and Commemoration Throughout History

Explore the profound role of music in honoring fallen heroes, leaders, and loved ones throughout history, from "God Bless America" to African American spirituals. Discover the significance of Taps, bagpipe music, and more.

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Musical Tributes of Condolence and Commemoration Throughout History

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  1. Chapter 13 Condolences and Commemoration

  2. Music Honoring Casualties • September 11, 2001 – one song featured in many memorial services was “God Bless America”, composed by Irving Berlin in 1938 • Arrangement by Daniel Rodriguez, a former NYC firefighter • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJ3YC6Xv74E

  3. Music Honoring Fallen Heroes • Taps – a song frequently heard at memorial services for fallen uniformed personnel (military, police, firemen, etc.), short piece usually played by a single trumpet or bugle • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQ_DCCFFkwA • Tomb of the Unknown Soldier • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYZgbgJdvc0

  4. Bagpipe music – esp. at memorial services for firefighters and police officers, tradition from Scottish immigrants who became firefighters when they came to America • Drone – a continuous note of fixed pitch serving as permanent bass • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO5y2O_hv3I

  5. Honoring a Fallen leader • 11-23-1963 – JFK’s funeral, musical selections were Chopin’s Funeral March and Navy Hymn (Eternal Father, Strong to Save) • Opus – a term designating a musical work or set of works • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZY5DBmgC_A • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDjwUzUnNpU

  6. New Orleans Funeral Parade • Music cultures of European descent, African Americans, and Creoles • Funeral parades were documented as early as 1820 • March to the graveside is accompanied by a DIRGE – a slow, mournful hymn or lament • March from the graveside is upbeat and celebratory

  7. Balinese Cremation Ritual • After a period of burial, the bones of the dead are collected and prepared for cremation. Coffins are brightly colored and made to resemble bulls, cows, or other animals • Music is provided by gamelan gambang – a Balinese sacred instrumental ensemble

  8. African American Spirituals • Many are about coping with loss and “crossing over to the promised land” • Many of the spirituals have a double meaning – “promised land” could mean Heaven, but it could also be “code” for freedom, Northern land • River Jordan – Ohio River (freedom) • “band of angels” – people along the Underground Railroad that helped slaves reach freedom • Moses – Harriet Tubman

  9. Individual Voices • Loss in Wartime – after the Civil War especially remembering soldiers who died “Vacant Chair” by George Frederick Root • Death of a Princess – Princess Diana (1997) – Elton John’s tribute – took “Candle in the Wind” and changed the lyrics to fit Princess Diana “Goodbye England’s Rose” • Contrafactum – compositional technique of writing new lyrics to an existing melody

  10. Loss of a Child – Eric Clapton – for his son “Tears in Heaven”, Steven Curtis Chapman – for his daughter “Heaven is the Face”

  11. Responding to Loss • Written by teacher from the Bronx, Abel Meeropol in response to a photograph of the lynching two African Americans “Strange Fruit” as a poem, later as a song • Meeropol introduced the poem/song to Billie Holiday, jazz singer, she later released

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