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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Lesson 1. 01/25/12. Poem . Nubia had many more herders than farmers And raw materials like gold, iron and copper Centered directly between North and South, Nubia gained riches from commercial trade routes . But the Kushites lost Nubia when Egypt took new measures

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5

  2. Lesson 1 01/25/12

  3. Poem • Nubia had many more herders than farmers • And raw materials like gold, iron and copper • Centered directly between North and South, • Nubia gained riches from commercial trade routes • But the Kushites lost Nubia when Egypt took new measures • To annex the land and mine for its treasures.

  4. Cataracts Pose Danger • Nubia developed along the Nile. Kush civilization developed in 2000 B.C.E • Because of the dry heat, people in Nubia and Egypt lived close to the Nile River.

  5. Wealth and Resources • In 3500 B.C. Nubia had agricultural communities. • Nubia and Egypt both had farmers, but Nubia had more cattle herders than farmers. • Nubia had natural resources that made them successful trade communities. Nubia had gold, iron , copper and granite. • Nubia controlled trade routes between South Africa and Egypt. • Nubia had lots of gold, and by 2600 B.C., Egypt controlled all trade routes in northern Nubia.

  6. Freedom and Reconquest • Southern Nubia drove Egypt out • Egyptians called the kingdom Kush; historians call it Kerma. • Kerma was also the name of the capital (near where Kerma is located in Sudan today). • By 1650 B.C. Kushites had regained their independence from Egypt. Northern Egypt was controlled by a group called Hyksos. • When Egypt drove out the Hyksos, they also destroyed the capital city of Kerma. • For 550 years, Kushites were like Egyptians in their writing, beliefs, religion and clothes.

  7. Lesson 2 01/27/11

  8. Poem • Kush was also called the kingdom of Napata. • Under King Piye, all of Egypt they conquered • But Assyrians fought them with weapons much stonger, • Making Napata the capital no longer • To honor their kings Kushites built obelisks, • And before making their own writing, they used hieroglyphs • To this day, no one has deciphered their scrolls. • What we could learn from the secrets they hold!

  9. Kush Conquers Egypt • Egypt occupied Kush. By 800 B.C., Egypt left Kush to solve problems at home. • The new capital of Kush was Napata • In 780 B.C. Alara became the Kushite King. His brother Kashtacaptured South Egypt, and Kashta’s son Piye captured North Egypt. • Piye’s conquest brought all of Egypt under Kushite control • Piye’s brother, Shabaka, officially became pharaoh. And the Kushites ruled Egypt from about 730 B.C. to 660 B.C., during the 25th dynasty.

  10. An Ending and New Beginning • Assyrians defeated Kushites because Assyrians had stronger weapons. Kushite weapons were bronze, but Assyrian weapons were iron. • Kushites learned about iron from Assyrians. • The Kushites capital moved from Napata to Meroe and began a new kingdom. • The Kushites had great success at trade again, so they needed a written language to help them keep trade records. They made an alphabet with 23 symbols; We do not understand their writing.

  11. Continuation… • Kush became very rich by selling products like gold, cattle, cotton, wheat, and iron and controlling land trade routes. • Leaders in Meroe were different from leaders in Egypt. In Moreo, women were an important part of government. Rule passed through the queen not the King.

  12. Fall of Meroe • Greek rulers in Egypt built ports, and they traded by the sea. • Mereo lost wealth and power because traders used sea routes instead of land routes. • Kush civilization disappeared by 500 C.E

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