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Genetics

Genetics. 1. T he S tudent W ill define relevant vocabulary including: . Allele Cloning Co-dominance Dominant Gene Genetics Genotype Heredity Heterozygous Homozygous Hybrid Mutation Phenotype Recessive Trait. 2. TSW Punnent squares and laws of inheritance.

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Genetics

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  1. Genetics

  2. 1. The Student Will define relevant vocabulary including: • Allele • Cloning • Co-dominance • Dominant • Gene • Genetics • Genotype • Heredity • Heterozygous • Homozygous • Hybrid • Mutation • Phenotype • Recessive • Trait

  3. 2. TSW Punnent squares and laws of inheritance • You have two peas that will cross • Rr X Rr

  4. 3. TSW Meiosis and segregation of chromosomes Video • Draw 1st half • Prophase I – (diploid) • .Chromosome pairs match replicate • .Crossover occurs • Metaphase I – (diploid) • .Chromosome pairs • .Line up spindle fibers attach • Anaphase I – (haploid) • Chromatids migrate toward centrioles. • Torn at centromeres. • Telophase I – (haploid) • New nucleus forms. • Chromatids inside two new cells. • Draw 2nd half • Prophase II – (haploid) • Chromatidsvisble. • .nucleus breaks down two new spindles/centrioles • Metaphase II – (haploid) • Chromatids line up. • .attach to spindle/centrioles • Anaphase II –(haploid) • Rip’m apart. • .migrate to ends • Telophase II – (haploid • Four new sex cells. • .GAMETES (egg, sperm, pollen, ovaries)

  5. 4. TSW The DNA computer • Four building blocks • Adenine Thymine • Guanine and Cytosine • Like computers tell what everything is to do. • Can make strands or strings • Each is unique to a person • Genetic testing • Electropherisis • Must cause to copy with enzyme • bigger travel slower

  6. 5. TSW Mutation natural selection and evolution • Mutation • Change in a gene • Usually not beneficial • Too long • Extra gene • Point change • Deletion • Frequently no change • When genetic code is changed • Natural Selection • Survival of the fittest • Only the strong survive

  7. 6. TSW Human traits that are controlled by single genes,many genes, and multiple alleles • Single gene dominants • Free-earlobe • Little finger on upraised hand turning inward • Left-handedness • Hairy second phlange (noticibly hairy second finger joint) • Cupid lips • Tongue rolling • Left thumb on top when fingers interlaced • Left arm on top when arms folded • Huntington’s disease • Single Gene Recessive • Cleft chin • Dimples • Attached earlobe • Extended articulation (double-jointedness) • Second toe longer than big toe • Widow’s peak • Multi-gene • Hair color • Skin color

  8. 7. TSW Gender and genetics • Your gender is determined by your ?

  9. 8. TSW Sex-linked traits • Color blindness (various forms) • Index finger shorter than ring finger • Pattern baldness • Hemophilia

  10. 9. TSW Human genetic disorders, their causes, and their effects • P - Point mutation, or any insertion/deletion entirely inside one gene • D - Deletion of a gene or genes • C - Whole chromosome extra, missing, or both - see • T - Trinucleotide repeat disorders - gene is extended in length

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