IMMIGRATION INTO THE EUROPEAN UNION FROM THE THIRD COUNTRIES

1. IMMIGRATION INTO THE EUROPEAN UNION FROM THE THIRD COUNTRIES “Flexibility in a transnational and transitional labour market”

2. Welcome! Members of the topic group: • Asta Vazgauskaite and Lina Sumskaite • Moisès Farrés Serra • Alessandro Giovanelli and Clelia Pesce • Sofie Vlamings • Janine Slabbekoorn • Stefanie Balla Coaches: Bart Roels and Lizzy Challik

3. Overview • Thesis • Ageing of the EU labour market • History and facts • Legislation • Consequences • Conclusion • Recommendation • Immigration policy • Integration policy

4. Thesis ORGANISED IMMIGRATION AS A WAY TO FILL UP THE FUTURE GAP IN THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET

5. Ageing of the European labour market Ageing society Population Projections: • Share of elderly will increase by 35% in the next 20 years • Because of the current birth rate the younger group is much smaller • Effect: gap on the European labour market

6. Effect of the demographicageing The population of the European Union by age, sex and labour status in 2005 (observed) and 2025 (projected)

7. Shortage on the labour market Effect of labour migration on employment 2005- 2050 in the EU-25

8. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF EUROPEAN MIGRATION • 1945 - 1960s - displacements of World War II, the return migration, inflows of workers • 1950s – migration emerged – Italians, Spanish, Portuguese, Greeks, Turks, Yugoslavs, Tunisians and Moroccans • 1970s - “no job considerations”, most notably by “quality of life” factors, including environment and cost of living issues • 2004 - 25 million (5.5%) (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK) History of migration

9. Historical immigration figures The number of citizens from the 10 new Member States of the total population of the EU-15 Net migration in the EU-25

10. Population change Source: Eurostat

11. Community pillar (Freedom, Security, Justice) Since 1999 Treaty of Amsterdam Current legislation at European level Immigration policy

12. Current legislation on European level The Tampere Agenda of the European Council (1999- 2004) Achievements: • Family reunification • EU long-term residence status • Students, researchers

13. Current legislation on European level The role of the Commission • Several proposals for the implementation of a common immigration policy • Proposal for a Directive • Soft law Last initiatives of the European Commission • The communication “Migration and Development” • The Green Paper • The Policy Plan on Legal Migration

14. Current legislation on European level Integration policies • The Hague Programme • The Best Practices Exchange: Network of National Contacts Point • Handbook on Integration • A Common Agenda for integration • Financial resources: Integration Fund

15. Quota based systems Work as a key ITALY SPAIN No possibility to enter looking for a job Need for Investigation and analysis of the LM Current legislation on national level

16. Current legislation on national level Flexible Systems LITHUANIA BELGIUM GERMANY Special case: THE NETHERLANDS Work residence General requirements (other treaties) Regulation in the market

17. Current legislation on national level The problem of qualified workers Low skilled and high skilled divisions The GERMAN model

18. Consequences on European level • Gap on the European labour market will be filled • Growth of the employment rate • Cultural compromise will take a more significant place in society and on the labour market • New demands for flexibility, cooperation, mobility, education • More bureaucratic inconveniences and legal restrictions

19. Consequences for employers and employees Employers (company level): • Need to introduce policies to manage cultural differences • Need more flexible labour contracts • Have to adjust the recruitment canals • Cultural dialogue Employees (from third countries): • More possibilities to get employed • More possibilities to get a better job position • Social and cultural difficulties

20. Conclusion Ageing of Labour Market Shortage of 32 million on the European labour Market (16%, 2050) In the past and at present migrant workers are needed to decrease the shortage on labour market But this need will grow, by the effects of the demographic ageing

21. Conclusion Migration as a solution • Countries versus EU policies • Integration of immigrants • Right • Duty • Protection of rights of immigrants • Regulation of entrance • Policies for migrants

22. Recommendations • Immigration policy • Country related recommendations • Initiatives of the EU • Integration policy

23. 1. Immigration policy • Different canals for high skilled and low skilled employees = a selective migration • Flexibilise the criteria of entrance: Canadian model

24. The proposal EU 3rd country (D) Country A Country B Country C A nurse Regional employment agency (REA) Centralized Employment Agency (CEA) European Migration agency Central employment agency CEA REA CEA REA EURES

25. 2. Country related recommendations Labour market versus Security and Public order Canadian model Belgium, the Netherlands Manage the migrants inside Italy, Spain Manage the arriving flows of migration Germany Flexibilise the system; Canadian model Lithuania More admissions (based on needs)

26. 3. Initiatives of the EU • Soft law versus hard law • Special institution: European Migration Agency

27. 4. Integration policy • Improve access to education • Cultural integration • Non-racist and intercultural approach • Equal treatment should be enforced • Same social rights as EU- nationals makes EU attractive

28. The End Thank you for your attention Any questions? Please dial Bart Roels