Communication by hormones in mammals key facts

2. Communication by hormones in mammalskey facts • Hormones - peptides, proteins, steroids – small molecules = first messenger • Endocrine gland – secretes hormones into blood plasma e.g. pancreas + insulin + glucagon • Exocrine gland – secretes into duct / tube e.g. pancreas and digestive enzymes • Target cells / tissues for protein or peptide hormones have receptors with complementary shapes on cell membranes • Cyclic AMP (cAMP) = second messenger inside cell • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter17/animation__second_messenger__camp.html • http://www.celanphy.science.ru.nl/Bruce%20web/Flash%20Movies.htm

4. http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter17/animation__second_messenger__camp.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter17/animation__second_messenger__camp.html

5. First and second messengers and amplification • http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp15/15020.html • http://www.sinauer.com/cooper/4e/animations1503.html

8. Responses to adrenalinhormones

10. Brain warm up • use plasticene and other materials to explain what is meant by the first andsecond messenger in communication by hormones such as adrenaline • suggest how a medical drug could be used to prevent the changes in the cells which the second messenger c AMP stimulates

11. http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter17/animation__second_messenger__camp.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter17/animation__second_messenger__camp.html

12. First and second messengers and amplification • http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp15/15020.html • http://www.sinauer.com/cooper/4e/animations1503.html

14. make a table to show the names of the hormones secreted by the adrenal glands, the cells which secrete them and their effects

17. Aims of today’s lesson – preparing for next promonitor test on Monday 30th November • check exam answer on nerves • try question on control of blood glucose • review glucose control + diabetes • review homeostasis + temperature control + heart rate control • remember extra Biology on Fri 2-3 this week

18. Introducing the control of blood glucose Homeostasis – maintaining the internal environment stable within certain limits by negative feedback Negative feedback - a change produces a response which eliminates the change; this needs a receptor which detects a stimulus, an effector which responds and communication between them e.g. nerves or hormones Diabetes – homeostasis is not working for blood glucose concentration

19. Symptoms of high blood sugar / diabetes • glucose in urine plus 

20. The islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

21. The pancreas – an exocrine and endocrine gland

24. Independent work for today and Monday • answer questions 1 – 6 and complete diagram about control of glucose in plasma • read the article on control of blood glucose by insulin and glucagon by Thursday 5th Nov • for at least 2 frequently asked questions from the diabetes task, research the answers and prepare 2 or 3 power point slides on each; • send your slides to me and be prepared to share your work with the class on Tuesday 10th November • answer SAQ 5 (check answers in electronic version on book on MOODLE) + exam question – bring complete to lesson on Tuesday 10th November

25. Aims of today’s lesson • check answers to questions 1 – 6 and answer question 7 • check SAQ 5 in lesson – hand in exam question for marking • listen to some student presentations about diabetes to check your understanding • explain how insulin secretion is controlled

29. Set up a microscope and find:- • cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas • diabetes rap • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJdIyBIuTGM

30. The control of blood glucose and diabetes An example of homeostasis and negative feedback

31. a) islets of Langerhans b) protein / polypeptide c) glucagon; insulin d) actual size = 41 000um / 30 000 = 1.4um e) fall detected by a and b cells; secretion of insulin decreases; secretion of glucagon increases; hormone in blood to receptor; on liver cell; glycogen  glucose; fats respired; gluconeogenesis; glucose into blood f) more rapid response; shorter duration response; less chance of immune response; killing animals is a sensitive ethical issue; insulin from animals is not identical in amino acid sequence to human insulin; cheaper and easier to produce large amounts; less chance of disease

32. Aims of today’s lesson • To understand independent work on sense organs and neurones (nerve cells) to be completed by lesson on Monday 16th November • progress reviews • check exam question answers – individually and with whole class • describe and evaluate the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes now and in the future e.g. inject insulin, use stem cells, control diet • listen to some student presentations about diabetes to check your understanding

33. Can you answer these questions about the heart?You must hand in your answer at the end of the lesson • what is meant by the word ‘myogenic’ 1 • describe how the SAN, AVN and Purkyne fibres work together during a heart beat 4 • your heart beat rate can be increased during exercise so that muscle cells receive extra oxygen and glucose from blood and extra carbon dioxide is carried away; explain how this happens (include a diagram if this helps) 10 • http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_electrical.html

34. ECGs – normal or abnormal?