Chapter 7 Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues

1. Personality Psychology Chapter 7 Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues

2. Contemporary Psychoanalytic Theory Drew Westen Unconscious still plays a large role in life Behavior often reflects compromises in conflicts between mental processes Childhood plays an important part in personality development

3. Contemporary Psychoanalytic Theory Drew Westen Mental representations of the self and relationships guide our interactions with others Personality development involves more than sexual and aggressive feelings

4. The Unconscious Can people be motivated to ‘remember’ events that did not happen?

5. The Unconscious Loftus: what is important is being aware of the processes that may contribute to the possible creation of inaccurate or false memories • The press • Behavior of therapists • Hypnosis • Confirmatory bias

6. The Unconscious Contemporary Views • Cognitive Unconscious View • Motivated Unconscious View

7. Ego Psychology • Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development • Karen Horney and a Feminist Interpretation of Psychoanalysis • An Emphasis on Self and the Notion of Narcissism “More ego, less id”

8. Ego Psychology Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development • Trust vs. Mistrust • Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt • Initiative vs. Guilt • Industry vs. Inferiority

9. Ego Psychology Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development • Identity vs. Role Confusion • Intimacy vs. Isolation • Generativity vs. Stagnation • Integrity vs. Despair

11. Ego Psychology Karen Horney’s Feminist Interpretation • Penis as symbol of social power • Culture, not biology, influences different life outcomes for men and women • Masculine roles vs. feminine roles

12. Ego Psychology Emphasis on Self and Narcissism • Contemporary psychoanalysts emphasize the role of identity, or the self, in normal personality functioning and in disorders • Narcissism and the narcissistic paradox

13. The Neo-Analytic Movement: Object Relations Theory Freud’s emphasis on sexuality has been completely rethought by recent generations of psychoanalysts This new movement emphasizes social relationships and their origins in childhood

14. The Neo-Analytic Movement: Object Relations Theory • Internal wishes, desires, and urges of the child are not as important as his or her developing relationships with significant external others • Others become internalized by the child in the form of mental objects

15. The Neo-Analytic Movement: Object Relations Theory Attachment Theory Attachment in the human infant begins when he or she develops a preference for people over objects • Securely attached • Avoidantly attached • Ambivalently attached

16. The Neo-Analytic Movement: Object Relations Theory Adult Relationships • Secure relationship style • Avoidant relationship style • Ambivalent relationship style

17. The Neo-Analytic Movement: Object Relations Theory The Impact of Parental Divorce Children of divorce: • Hold marriage as idealistic not realistic • Hold themselves back from relationships • Take longer to enter into mature adulthood • Must revise their models of relationships

18. Summary • Contemporary view of the unconscious • Emphasis on the role of the ego, not the id • Stages for solving social crises, not sexual • Object relations theory