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The Nervous System

The Nervous System. 2003-2004. Overview. The Nervous System controls and coordinates all the functions of the body. The Nervous System consists of two main sub-divisions: Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System 2003-2004

  2. Overview • The Nervous System controls and coordinates all the functions of the body. • The Nervous System consists of two main sub-divisions: • Central Nervous System (CNS) • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into two sub-divisions: • Somatic- voluntary • Autonomic- involuntary 2003-2004

  3. 2003-2004 http://inside.salve.edu/walsh/cns_pns.jpg

  4. Structure and Function of the Neuron • Neuron is the scientific name for a Nerve Cell. • Neurons consist of 3 basic structures: • Cyton, or cell body. • Dendrites- receive messages, impulses, and send them to the cell body. • Axons- send messages away from the cell body. • Nerve impulses travel from one neuron to another across synapses, or spaces in between the cells. • The “jumping across” the synapse is facilitated (helped) by chemicals called Neurotransmitters. 2003-2004

  5. Parts of the Neuron • Dendrites– Branched parts of a neuron that receive impulses from other neurons. • Cyton- Contains cytoplasm and the nucleus. Impulses pass through here to the axon. • Axon- Single long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body. • A Neuron 2003-2004

  6. 2003-2004

  7. Synapse Junction between nerve cells • 1st cell releases chemical to trigger next cell • where drugs affect nervous system synapse 2003-2004

  8. Types of Neurons Neurons can also be classified by the direction that they send information: ･Sensory (or afferent) neurons: send information from sensory receptors (e.g., in skin, eyes, nose, tongue, ears) TOWARD the central nervous system. ･Motor (or efferent) neurons: send information AWAY from the central nervous system to muscles or glands. ･Interneurons: send information BETWEEN sensory neurons and motor neurons. Most interneurons are located in the central nervous system. 2003-2004

  9. Reflexes • Stimulus- a change in the environment. • Response/Reaction- how the body reacts to a stimulus. • ReflexArc- the pathway that an impulse follows to illicit a response to a stimulus. 2003-2004

  10. Parts of the Central Nervous System • Brain • Spinal cord 2003-2004

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