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EE 319K Introduction to Embedded Systems

EE 319K Introduction to Embedded Systems. Lecture 15: Final Exam Review. Final Exam. Final exam will be similar in style to Exam 1 Approximately the same length and format as previous final exams You will have three hours if you need it Comprehensive, good things to study are

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EE 319K Introduction to Embedded Systems

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  1. EE 319KIntroduction to Embedded Systems Lecture 15: Final Exam Review Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  2. Final Exam • Final exam will be similar in style to Exam 1 • Approximately the same length and format as previous final exams • You will have three hours if you need it • Comprehensive, good things to study are • All the lecture notes & worksheets posted • All lab work • Textbook (sections listed in syllabus) • All homework • Zyante book (specified in HW) Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  3. Final Exam • Any technical documents required will be provided • Closed book, closed notes • Will you need a calculator (Valvano: no calculator) • http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~valvano/Volume1/FinalSp13a.pdf • http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~valvano/Volume1/FinalF12a.pdf • It will have short answer questions • Conversions, definitions • And longer questions involving assembly and C • Local variables, FSM, interrupts, ADC input, DAC • You should be able to do software problems in both assembly and C! Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  4. Final Exam Review • Definitions (matching or multiple choice) • volatile, nonvolatile, RAM, ROM, port, kibibyte, mebibyte • static efficiency, dynamic efficiency, white box, black box • structured program, call graph, data flow graph • basis, nibble, precision, decimal digits, promotion, demotion • fixed-point, overflow, ceiling and floor, drop out • desk check, intrusive, dump, stabilization, profile, heartbeat • bus, address bus, data bus, bus cycle • memory-mapped, I/O mapped, vector, device driver, • Von Neumann architecture, Harvard architecture, CISC, RISC • tristate, open collector, ALU, D flip flop, registers • negative logic, positive logic, Ohm’s Law, P=V*I, KVL, KCL • thread, real-time, latency, interrupt, vector, priority • private, public, local, global, call by value, call by reference • friendly, mask, toggle, baud rate, bandwidth, frame • Nyquist Theorem, monotonic, accuracy, jitter • ADC/DAC limits: max, min, resolution, fs, number of samples Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  5. Final Exam Review • Number conversions - convert one format to another • decimal digits • signed decimal e.g., -56 • unsigned decimal e.g., 200 • binary e.g., %11001000 • hexadecimal e.g., 0xC8 • IEEE 754 floating point (not this semester) Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  6. Final Exam Review • Instruction detail and Cortex-M operation • 8-bit addition, subtraction yielding result, N, Z, V, C • operation of Thumbnail instructions (reference sheet) • components in address space • subroutine linkage • stack operations • Simple programs • create global variables • specify an I/O pin is an input • specify an I/O pin is an output • clear an I/O output pin to zero • set an I/O output pin to one • toggle an I/O output pin • check if an I/O input pin is high or low • add, sub, shift left, shift right, and, or, eor • subroutine linkage Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  7. Final Exam Review • Switch & LED interfacing • GPIO Ports • friendly programming practices • LED and switch interfacing • bit-specific addressing • Phase-Lock-Loop • external crystal • system clock stability • SysTick Timer • initialization • operational parameters • period • busy-wait delay or periodic interrupt Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  8. Final Exam Review • System Design • Successive Refinement, modularity • Stepwise Refinement • Systematic Decomposition • Finite State Machines • Moore and Mealy machine characteristics • abstraction • programming structures • Local Variables • types of storage • stack, registers, binding, SP address, stack frame addressing • C programming • Variables, expressions, control, data structures • casting and indirection, pointers, arrays, structures • storage type qualifiers • conststaticvolatile Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  9. Final Exam Review • I/O Synchronization • Purpose, types • blind cycle, busy/wait, interrupt, DMA • Semaphore, mailbox, FIFO • Device Driver • Performing I/O with an external device (like the LCD) • Interrupts • initialization rituals • software actions/what needs to be done • interrupt service routines • hardware operation • thread context switch/what needs to be done • debugging techniques • FIFO queues • operation • programming But simpler Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  10. Final Exam Review • Digital To Analog Converter (DAC) • Types, operation • Sound Generation • Discrete time sinusoid • Periodic interrupts • Timing requirements • Analog To Digital Converter (ADC) • Operation, programming • Nyquist Theorem • UART • Operation, programming, start bit, stop bit • Real time and communication systems • Latency, jitter, throughput ≡ bandwidth Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  11. Practice Problems in Book Hardware interfacing 4.12, 4.13, 4.15, 4.17 Parallel Port initialization 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.10, 4.11 Software 4.18, 4.19, 4.20, Lab 4.3, Lab 4.5, Lab 4.6, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10 Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  12. Practice Problems in Book Pointers 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.6, 6.7, 6.9, Matrix (2-D array) 6.10, 6.11, FSM 6.12, 6.13, 6.14, 6.15 Variables 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, Parameters 7.5, 7.15, 7.16, 7.18 Fixed point 7.6, 7.7, 7.10, 7.11, 7.12, 7.13, 7.22 Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  13. Practice Problems in Book Recursion 7.21 UART 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 11.10, 11.11 SysTick, interrupts 9.1, 9.4, 9.7, 9.8, 9.10, 9.12, 9.15, 9.16 DAC 10.1 Checkpoints 10.1-10.7 ADC 10.2-10.11 Checkpoint 10.8 FIFO Checkpoints 11.2-11.5 Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  14. Real-Time DSP Laboratory (EE 445S | FS) Comp Architecture/Embedded Systems Digital Logic Introduction to Design Microcontrollers (EE 316 | FS) (EE 319K | FS) Embedded Digital Computer Systems Lab System Design Architecture Algorithms (EE 460M | FS) (EE 445L | FS) (EE 460N | FS) (EE 360C | FS) Electives Real-Time Computer-Aided Concurrent and and Embedded IC Design Distributed Systems Systems (EE 445M | S) (EE 460R | FS) (EE 360P | S) From small To large systems Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  15. Comp Architecture/Embedded Systems • Required • EE 316 Digital Logic Design • EE 460N Computer Architecture • EE 445L Embedded Systems Lab • EE 360C Algorithms • M 325K Discrete Mathematics • Three of the following • EE 422C Software Design and Implementation II • EE 445M Embedded and Real-Time Systems Lab • EE 445S Real-Time Digital Signal Processing Lab • EE 460M Digital Systems Design Using VHDL • EE 360P Concurrent and Distributed Systems • EE 460R Computer-Aided Integrated Circuit Design • EE 362K Introduction to Automatic Control • CS 375 Compilers Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  16. Computer System Design • Applications, • Operating systems, • Compilers, • Instruction set, • Microarchitecture, • Logic design, • Circuit design Understanding the operation and design of computers Good secondary cores: Electronics and IC, Software Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  17. We’ve Come a Long Way • Transistor count doubles every 18 months Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  18. Computer Architecture Area • Design of general-purpose computer systems From personal (laptops, desktops) to cloud (servers) • Which courses are most relevant & important? EE 460N for computer architecture • What are important technical challenges today? Size, speed, security, software/hardware, power • What industries/companies need these skills? Any company making computer equipment • How do I prepare for graduate school? Take EE 460N Comp. Arch. and EE 360C Algorithms Get involved in undergraduate research MS degree is essential for this area Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  19. Embedded Systems Area • Design of special-purpose computer systems From toasters (μController) to airplanes (systems-on-chip) • Which courses are most relevant & important? EE445L digital-analog codesign, systems level design EE445M real-time operating systems, device drivers, and autonomous robots • What are important technical challenges today? Time-to-market; maximizing use of Moore’s law Size, power, profit margins • What industries/companies need these skills? Any company making super high volume products • How do I prepare for graduate school? Take EE 460N Comp. Arch. and EE 360C Algorithms Get involved in undergraduate research Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  20. EE460N Computer Arch • What is Architecture, Tradeoffs • Instruction Set Architecture, LC-3b ISA • Assemblers: Translating Assembly Language to ISA • Microarchitecture: Detailed LC-3b implementation • Physical memory, unaligned access, interleaving, SRAM, DRAM • Virtual memory, page tables, TLB, VAX model, PowerPC model, contrast with segmentation • Cache memory • Interrupts/Exceptions • I/O • Performance Improvement. Metrics, Pipelining. • Branch prediction • Out-of-order execution • Vector processing • Integer arithmetic, Floating point, IEEE Standard • Measurement Methodology • Intro to Multiprocessing, Interconnection networks, Amdahl's Law, Consistency models • Cache coherency • Alternative Models of Concurrency: SIMD, MIMD, VLIW, dataflow, etc. • State-of-the-art Microprocessor Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  21. EE460N - Labs • Write an assembler • Write an instruction set simulator • Write a cycle-level simulator • Interrupt support • Virtual memory • Pipeline Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  22. EE460M Digital Design Using VHDL • Review of Basic Logic Design Techniques (with emphasis on timing) • Design Flow, High Level Design • VHDL Descriptions of Digital Systems and Simulation • Synthesis • Design using Programmable Logic Devices • SM Charts • Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) • Advanced Topics in VHDL • Test Generation and Design for Testability • Rapid Prototyping using FPGAs Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  23. EE460M - Labs • VHDL’s timing to model gate-level circuits • FSM simulation • VHDL Package Sorter • Traffic Meter Simulation • BCD conversion, Square Root • Microprocessor Design & Implementation in FPGA • VGA Graphics and Keyboard Interface Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  24. EE445L Embedded Systems Lab • debugging with an oscilloscope and a logic analyzer; • design of an alarm clock and I/O driver; • design of a real-time data acquisition system; • Motor control; • design of a music player, DAC, data structure design; • Power management and PCB layout; • Wireless communication, layered protocol; • board-level design, construction and testing of a complete embedded system Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  25. EE445L - Labs • Lab 1. ASCII to fixed-point output to OLED • Lab 2. Debugging, oscilloscope, logic analyzer, dump • Lab 3. Alarm clock, edge-triggered input interrupts • Lab 4. Stepper motor, interrupts, finite state machine • Lab 5. 12-bit DAC, SPI, Music player, audio amp • Lab 6. Introduction to PCB Layout, PCB Artist • Lab 7. Design and Layout of an Embedded System • Lab 8. Software Drivers for an Embedded System • Lab 9. Measurement, ADC, analog amp • Lab 10. ZigBee, UART, distributed systems • Lab 11. Evaluation of Embedded System Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  26. EE445M Real-time operating systems • Lab 1. I/O port drivers • Lab 2. Real-time operating system kernel • Lab 3. Blocking semaphores, priority • Lab 4. Microphone input, digital filters, FFT, • Lab 5. Solid state disk, SSI, address translation, layered software, file system • Lab 6. Distributed acquisition using Ethernet • Lab 7 Formula 0001 Racing Robot Go watch the races in Spring Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

  27. For more information • Bard, Bill (network communications) • Chase, Craig (software design) • Chiou, Derek (architecture) • Erez, Mattan (architecture) • Evans, Brian L. (DSP applications) • Gerstlauer, Andreas (embedded systems, IC) • Janapa Reddi, Vijay (architecture) • John, Lizy (architecture) • Patt, Yale (architecture) • Swartzlander, Earl (architecture) • Tiwari, Mohit (architecture, security) • Valvano, Jonathan (embedded medical devices) Bard, Gerstlauer, Valvano, Yerraballi

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