Stone Fruit Varieties

www.Hortilover.com Stone Fruit Varieties www.Hortilover.com/

Stone Fruit Crops/Varieties • Overview of Taxonomy • Peach and nectarine • Plums • Japanese (Asian) plum • European plum • Apricots • Cherries • Sweet cherries • Tart/Sour Cherries www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Stone Fruit - Classification www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Stone Fruit Production www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Chilling 0 to 1200 Most 600 to 1000 Summer temperatures Warm to hot Spring frosts Bloom before apples and pecans Primary reason for inconsistent yields Moderate cold hardiness Peach Adaptation www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Cultivar picture More complex and rapidly changing Compared to apple/pear Less yield 100-700 vs. 300-2,000 Bu/ac Shorter lived 10-25 vs. 30-60 yrs Quicker to bear 3-5 vs 4-10 yrs Shelf life 1 vs 3-10 mo. Peach Adaptation www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Fruit type Flesh type - fresh or processed Flesh color - yellow, white, red Pubescence, freeness Attractiveness Skin color/shape Flavor and firmness Time of harvest Series of cv needed Cultivar Selection - Peaches www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Adaptation Cold hardiness Chilling requirement Humidity - rain CA cultivars in Texas? Cooler to warmer Chilling Cooler springs Cooler night temperatures Dry to humid Cultivar selection - Peaches www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Asian versus the European plum • Asian or Japaneseplums • Prunus salicina & hybrids • Major fresh market plum • 90% production in CA • Skin color • Yellow, red, purple, green • European plums • Prunus domestica • Major drying plum in USA • 99% production in CA • Skin color • Most blue www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Asian plums Cold hardiness - moderate Most self incompatible Chilling - 200-1200 Acidity - higher Soluble solids - <16 brix European plums Cold hardiness - high/pear Major US cv self compatible Chilling - 700-1700 Acidity - lower Soluble solids - >16 brix Asian versus the European plum www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

California Complex and changing Seven cultivars - 50% production Santa Rosa, Red Beaut, Casselman, Laroda, Angeleno, Simka, Friar 20 other major cultivars All developed in CA Asian or Japanese Plum Cultivars90% production in CA www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

East of the Rockies Disease resistance Bruce, Methley, Ozark Premier, Morris, Byrongold Low chill: Gulfruby, Gulfgold,Gulfbeauty, Gulfblaze Bred in Georgia, Alabama, Texas, and Florida Asian or Japanese Plum Cultivars90% production in CA www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

One major cultivar French or Agen prune 96%USA production 70% world supply of prunes Pitted prunes and juice Dry ratio 3:1 *Self fertile* Tendency to alternate bear 2001 PRUNES renamed DRIED PLUMS European plum cultivars www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Fresh market Small in USA Italian, Stanley, President, Tragedy In Europe important Breeding Little in USA/Canada Some in Europe European plum cultivars www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Adaptation Semi arid Winter w/o fluctuating temps Bloom early - no late frosts Chill 600 - 1000 Production 90% in CA 70% canning 20% drying 10% fresh, short shelf life Apricot cultivars and productionPrunus armeniaca www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Major cultivars Blenhiem (Royal, Derby) Tilton for canning Patterson, Modesto Active breeding for fresh and process markets Apricot cultivars and productionPrunus armeniaca www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

High Chilling 1100-1300 Mod. hardy to hardy Blooms early Spring frosts Cool pollination weather Rain At pollination - lower set At harvest - cracking Hot summers - doubling of fruit First to harvest Cherries: A Cool Climate Crop www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Sweet Cherries P. avium Diploid Self unfruitful S allele series Utilization Fresh Processing (50%) Sour or tart cherries P. cerasus Tetraploid Self fruitful Processing in USA Also fresh in Europe Duke cherries avium x cerasus Not commercial Types of Cherries: Sweet and Sour www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Sweet - P. avium 75% - WA, OR MI, CA, UT, NY 50% proc., 40% fresh Cultivars Bing Ships well, cans Napoleon Light colored type Canning, brining, maraschinos Self fertile types Production and Cherry Cultivars www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Brining of Cherries • Cherries in brine can be stored several years www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Sour - P. cerasus Great Lakes area MI, NY, PA, WI 97% processing Pie filling, canned Cultivars Montmorency Canning/freezing Red flesh/colorless juice Breeding in Michigan European cv Disease resistance Production and Cherry Cultivars www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Any Questions? www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

www.Hortilover.com/ HORT 319 - Temperate Fruit and Nut Production

Stone Fruit Varieties

Stone Fruit Varieties

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