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FORTRAN

FORTRAN. James Hood. History. Originally created in 1954 by John Backus for IBM. Several revisions have been made over the years. Notable revisions are: FORTRAN II, FORTRAN III, FORTRAN IV, FORTRAN 66, FORTRAN 77, Fortran 90, and Fortran 2003. Syntax.

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FORTRAN

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  1. FORTRAN James Hood

  2. History Originally created in 1954 by John Backus for IBM. Several revisions have been made over the years. Notable revisions are: FORTRAN II, FORTRAN III, FORTRAN IV, FORTRAN 66, FORTRAN 77, Fortran 90, and Fortran 2003

  3. Syntax The syntax for Fortran follows a variation of BNF. The language is broken up into function statements, characters, lexemes, data types, assignments, expressions, if statements, loop statements, and I/O statements.

  4. Syntax cont. There are literally a couple hundred grammar rules regarding the language. Also Fortran is not a case sensitive language. Both of the following programs produce the same result…

  5. program hello print *,"Hello World!" end program hello PrOgRaM HELLo prINT*,"Hello World!" End ProgRAm HeLlO Reduces errors due to using the wrong case during compile/runtime, at the expense of readability.

  6. Data Types Virtually all the primitive data types: integer, floating-point, decimal, Boolean, complex, and character types exist. Other types such as arrays, structures and pointers are also included in more recent versions. In recent versions abstract data types have been included to allow the programmer to create their own types.

  7. Overall Evaluation Writability – the language was designed to be easy to write in. Certainly easier than assembly code. Readability – has potential to be readable assuming the code doesn’t look like the previous example. Reliability – this language has been around since the 1950’s and is still popular in some fields. Cost- I think the initial cost in developing the language was quite high at the time. The idea of a higher leveling programming language being efficient was largely unproven. However, the amount of time saved once it was developed more than made up for it.

  8. Sources [1] Bellis, Mary. FORTRAN - The First Successful High Level Programming Language. http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa072198.htm [2] Adams, Jeanne. Controversy, compromise, modernization: From FORTRAN to Fortran 90. http://www.cisl.ucar.edu/tcg/consweb/Fortran90/scnhist.html [3] A Brief History of FORTRAN/Fortran. http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/fortran/ch1-1.html [4] Fortran Language Reference Manual, Volume 3 - Chapter 1. Fortran 90 Syntax. http://docs.cray.com/books/007-3694-003/html-007-3694-003/faxalchri.html

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