Key 1.1- Day 1

1. Key 1.1- Day 1 Human Geography

2. Bell ringer • List five countries you never knew existed before the mapping activity from last nights homework. • Where were they? • Based on the countries surrounding them, what do you think the culture is like?

3. Human Geography • Two questions Geographers strive to answer • Where- Where are people and activities found on Earth? • Why- Why are they found there?

4. Map skills are essential to answer questions of…Where?

5. Cartographer • Definition: The science of map-making • Two reasons to use maps: • As a reference tool (to keep us from getting lost) • As a communications tool (to explain where something is distributed)

6. Two basic map reading skills/understanding • Scale • Projection

7. I. Scale • Definition- Refers to the relationship of a feature’s size on a map to its actual size on Earth. • Scale is presented in three different forms. • Ratio • Written • Graphic scale

8. 1. Ratio • Ratio Scale- Fractional scale shows the numerical ratio between distances on the map and Earth’s surface. Example below…

9. 2. Written Scale • Describes relationship between map and Earth distances in words. • Example below…

10. 3. Graphic Scale • Use of symbols, usually bar line, used to show distance on Earths surface. • Example below….

11. Scale is a simple math problem • Which number is larger? • ½ or ¼ • Try this one • 1/1,000 or 1/10,000 • What is the difference between • 1:10,000 or 1:10,000 • What does this mean on a map? • 1:10,000 • a scale of 1:10,000 means that one inch on a map corresponds to 10,000 inches on the ground

12. Do you think the scale is larger for a map of a city or country? • CityCountyStateRegionCountryContinentWorld

13. Scale can change information and understanding

15. Atlanta

16. Yes you can eat your oranges when you done….. Directions: • Identify and mark on the orange the locations of the North Pole and South Pole. • Then locate the spot that is halfway between the two poles and use a marker to draw a line around the Earth at that point, which geographers refer to as the equator. • Draw a few lines of longitude on the map. • Then draw shapes to represent the continents on Earth. • Choose two points on the orange and measure the distance between them. • Use a pencil to pierce the skin of the orange, then use your fingers to get under the skin to peel it off the grapefruit. Try to keep as much of the "globe" intact as possible Discuss: • How was shape projected differently. • Did the distance between two areas change? • Did any of the continents size change? What is this type of projection called? • Did you notice any change in direction?

17. II. Projection • Definition- Transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map. • 4 types of distortions • Shape-Area appears more elongated or shorter than in reality • Distance-Distance between two points is disproportionate. • Relative size- Alters area to appear larger or smaller then they are in reality. • Direction-Direction from one place to another can be incorrect on map.

18. Robinson

19. Interrupted Projection

20. Can projection be prejudice? • You decide…. • Annotate the maps: Circle, write thoughts/comments. What differences do you see between the two maps? How might these differences between these maps favor one region over the other? What questions would you like to ask the class about these maps (make your peers think)?

21. Try this one on for sizehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLqC3FNNOaI

22. Wherever you are is the center of the Earth • China / Japan: In modern times, Chinese and Japanese maps are split at the Atlantic, so have Japan right in the middle and China near the center. [ Source: personal observation by Francis in early 2003; email from Jez who used to live in Japan ] In Tokyo, English language maps that are for sale are printed in Australia; the maps in both countries are Pacific Centred. [ Source: email from Rev ] • India (Ancient): Sanskrit "daksa" means 'able, strong, dexterous'; whence "daksina" meaning both 'right' and 'south'. Presumably this indicates that they used maps with East at the top. [ Source: email from Anton. Anybody know anything about map orientation in India, ancient or modern? ] • New Zealand: Upsidedown or "corrected" maps are becoming more popular, especially with tourists. For example, a tea towel with such a map saying "no longer down under". [ Source: email from Jez who has bought such a towel ] As a child, a New Zealand friend always referred to the maps with North at the top as "the wrong way up", and this page's "upside down" maps as "the right way up" or "the way it's supposed to be..." [ Source: email from CH ]

23. FRQ For each map each map do the following: • Identify the type of projection used by the cartographer. (1 point) • 2. Discuss ONE weakness and ONE strength of each map for the display of this specific data set. (4 points)