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Chapter-1 Basics of Earthquakes

Chapter-1 Basics of Earthquakes. Class Two. Organization of Lecture. Where do Earthquake occurs Elastic Rebound Theory Faults Plate Tectonics. Where do earthquakes occur?. Faults. Plate boundaries. Plate boundaries are often identified from the location of past earthquakes.

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Chapter-1 Basics of Earthquakes

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  1. Chapter-1 Basics of Earthquakes Class Two

  2. Organization of Lecture Where do Earthquake occurs Elastic Rebound Theory Faults Plate Tectonics

  3. Where do earthquakes occur? Faults

  4. Plate boundaries

  5. Plate boundaries are often identified from the location of past earthquakes.

  6. Elastic Rebound Theory • This theory was discovered by making measurements at a number of points across a fault. • Prior to an earthquake it was noted that the rocks adjacent to the fault were bending. These bends disappeared after an earthquake suggesting that the energy stored in bending the rocks was suddenly released during the earthquake.

  7. Elastic Rebound Theory

  8. Sequence of elastic rebound: Stresses

  9. Sequence of elastic rebound: Bending

  10. Sequence of elastic rebound: Rupture

  11. Sequence of elastic rebound: Rebound

  12. Sudden Slip by Elastic Rebound • Stresses (force/area) are applied to a fault. • Strain (deformation) accumulates in the vicinity of friction-locked faults. • Strain accumulation reaches a threshold and fault slips suddenly • Rupture (slip) continues over some portion of the fault. Slip is the distance of displacement along a fault.

  13. Fault A fracture (crack) in the earth, where the two sides move past each other and the relative motion is parallel to the fracture.

  14. n) shear) Different Fault Types

  15. Normal Dip-slip fault hanging wall moves down A normal dip-slip fault

  16. A Reverse dip slip fault Reverse Dip-slip fault Hanging wall moves up This is also called a Thrust Fault.

  17. Strike-slip fault Displacement in horizontal direction A strike-slip fault

  18. Blind/Hidden faults

  19. Oblique-slip fault Displacement in both vertical and horizontal directions An oblique-slip fault

  20. THANK YOU

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