Presenter: Mark Barnett AREA MANAGER KSAT, NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION, JAMAICA

1. TOPIC: The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Presenter: Mark Barnett AREA MANAGER KSAT, NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION, JAMAICA

2. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew________________________________________ Objectives: • Identify and highlight the severity of the drought on KSA • Assess the multi-dimensional impacts on KSA and the NWC • Identifies mitigation measures implemented by NWC. • Identifies planning gaps. • Recommend improvement strategies to mitigate reoccurrence Methodology: • Literature Review • Reviewing of Government Agencies Unpublished Reports • First Hand Experience

3. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew________________________________________ • Meteorological drought A deficiency in precipitation extended over a long period • Hydrological drought departure of surface and subsurface water supplies from some average condition at various points in time Definition of Droughts:

4. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Study Focused Area

5. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________

6. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Rainfall incidence for parishes contributing to KSA Streamflows

7. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies Water Resources Authority, 2010

8. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies Water Resources Authority, 2010

9. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies Water Resources Authority, 2010

10. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________

11. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________

12. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________

13. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Cumulative Production Over the Period

14. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Commercial Impact

15. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Social Considerations. Mental and physical stress (anxiety, depression) Affect Learning / Disrupt Schools Reductions in nutrition Risk to public safety (fires etc) Increased poverty in general, economic displacement Temporary population migrations Loss of aesthetic value within communities Reduction or modification of recreational activities Potential for conflicts

16. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Public Health Impact Assessment

17. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Institutional Key Taskforce Stakeholders Key Stakeholders

18. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Mitigating Actions – Short Term • Reduction in Water Distributing Hours • Alternate Distribution (Valve Regulations) • Increased Trucking • Increased Public Education Conservation Campaign • Prohibition Notice for certain purposes • Increase volumes (8mgd) from St. Catherine to KSA • Re-activation of Wells out of Operation

19. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Mitigating Actions - Long Term • Kingston Water & Sanitation Project – IADB • Kingston Metropolitan Area Water Supply Rehabilitation Project • Jamaica Water Supply Improvement Project - US$210m • Forestry Planting in Collaboration with the Forestry Department.

20. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Recommendations Objectives • Long term water security for all users • Continuously assessing and identification of vulnerabilities • Mitigating strategies to reduce risk or eliminate such risk.

21. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Recommendations –for Considerations • Droughts planning must be institutionalized nationally • Effects of climate change on drought phenomena • Recognition of wastewater effluent as a resource • Structured approach to City & Town planning • Make rain harvesting compulsory (provide incentives) • Embarked on an active demand management programme • Maximize the use of ground water resources • Optimization of the storage facilities (Mona & Hermitage)

22. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Conclusions • KSA experienced Meteorological and Hydrological drought. • No long-term drought mitigation plan exist • Institutional responsiveness were reactive rather than proactive. • Increased public health vulnerability especially in children. • There were negative socio-cultural impacts • Public Safety (Person & Property) compromised • There was economic cost to KSA and Jamaica on a whole.

23. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Conclusions • Billed revenue for KSA fell by an average J$50m/month • Public education campaign did not resonate with population • Prohibition Notices were ineffective without enforcement

24. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________ Thank You for Your Attention QUESTIONS?