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汉英翻译之名词与数量

汉英翻译之名词与数量. 汉英翻译－名词的翻译. 明天我们开会，会上一位老翻译来讲座，谈翻译理论的最新发展，题目是“直译还是意译”。

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汉英翻译之名词与数量

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  1. 汉英翻译之名词与数量

  2. 汉英翻译－名词的翻译 明天我们开会，会上一位老翻译来讲座，谈翻译理论的最新发展，题目是“直译还是意译”。 • We are going to havea meeting tomorrow. In the meeting an old translator will give a lecture on thelatest development of translation theories. The topic of the lecture is "Literal Translation or Liberal Translation". 数: 单数？复数？/指示：泛指? 特指？

  3. 名词的翻译－单数与复数 • 我爱看电影。 • I love movies. • 苹果多少钱一斤？ • How much is half a kilo of apples? • 我现在正忙着找工作。 • I am busy looking for a job.

  4. 名词的翻译－单数与复数 • 抽象名词的翻译（abstract nouns） 1. 以史为鉴。 Learn from history. 2. 他观察力敏锐。 He is a man of keen insight/observation. 3.这件商店生意兴隆。 This store is doing good business.

  5. 名词的翻译－单数与复数 • 抽象名词的单数用法与复数用法 experience Vs. experiences 1. 我认为她没有干这份工作的经验。 I don't think she has the experience for the job. 2. 你当警察的经历听来想必十分精彩。 Your experiences as a policewoman must sound very interesting.

  6. 名词的翻译－单数与复数 • belief Vs. beliefs 1. 最近揭露出来的腐败现象动摇了老百姓对党和政府的信任。 The recently exposed corruption has shaken people's belief in the Party and the government. /the recent revelations of corruption 2. 所有主张非暴力的宗教信仰和政治信仰都应受到尊重。 All non-violent religious beliefs and political beliefs should be respected.

  7. 名词的翻译－单数与复数 • 集合名词 （collective nouns） crew, staff, faculty, people, family, police,audience, etc. • 我全家都爱看书. • All my family enjoy reading. • 我是这个学校的职工。 • I am on the staff of this school. • 九名机组成员全部遇难。 • The crew of nine were killed in the air crash.

  8. 名词的翻译－特指与泛指 • 老李，来客人了！ • Mr. Li, you have a visitor. • 老李，客人来了！ • Mr. Li, the visitor is coming. • 我今天吃苹果了。 • 苹果我吃了。（苹果呢？苹果怎么不见了？）

  9. 名词的翻译－特指与泛指 • 手电筒在哪呢？没有手电筒，我可是什么都看不见。 • 别把香蕉放冰箱里，香蕉可不能放冰箱。 • 是您上周在我们这这订了书吗？书已经到了。 • 孩子们正在看的飞机是喷气式的。

  10. 名词的翻译－特指与泛指 泛指事物 • 北京的冬天树是光秃秃的。 • In winter, trees are bare in Beijing. • 过去很多中国人买不起车，但这已经是历史了。 • Days are gone when most Chinese people could not afford a car. • 带着孩子就不要去人多的地方。 • Avoid crowds when you have your kids with you.

  11. 名词的翻译－特指与泛指 特指事物 • 半决赛明天开始。 • The semi-finals will begin tomorrow. • 这是去黄山风景区的车吗？ • Is this the coach to Huangshan Scenic Area? • 在采访的时候，他对这问题不置可否。 • During the interview, he made no comment on this issue.

  12. 数词翻译 数字增减的译法 增加到。。。或减少到。。。 • 金属切割机已经减少到50台。 • The number of metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50. 增加。。。或减少。。。 • 金属切割机已经减少了50台。

  13. 数词翻译 百分数增减的表示法与译法 • 产值增加了35％。 • 商品零售额应增加3％。 • 成本减少60％。 • 采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％。 • By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%. • 今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。 • Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year. • There is an expected 9% increase of retail sales as compared with last year.

  14. 数词翻译 倍数句型及其译法 倍数增加 • A is n times as great（long，much，…）as B. • A is n times greater （longer， more，…）than B. • A is n times the size （length， amount，…）of B以上三句都应译为；A的大小（长度，数量，…）是B的n倍[或A比B大（长，多，……）n-1倍]. e.g. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍（即长两倍）。 注： 倍数增加，英语要多说一倍。

  15. 数词翻译 • 这个房间是那个房间的三个大。 • 煤产量比去年增加了4倍。

  16. 数词翻译 again, double, triple, quadruple • 我叔叔的年龄比我大一倍。 • My uncle is as old again as I am. • 这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 • The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled．

  17. 数词翻译 倍数减少 • A is n times as small （light，slow，…）as B. • A is n times smaller （lighter， slower，…) than B 以上两句均应译为：A的大小（重量，速度，……）是B的1/n[或A比B小（轻，慢，……）（n-1）/n]。 • 氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16。 • The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. • 这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半 • This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.

  18. 数词翻译 • decrease n times/n--fold • decrease by n times • decrease by a factor of n • 以上三式均译为：减少到1/n [或减少(n-1)/n]。 e.g. 电压升高9倍，电流强度便降低9/10。 • When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times.

  19. Thank you！

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