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ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 1

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 1. INTRODUCTION. ELECTRONICS.

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ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 1

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  1. ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 1 INTRODUCTION Ronel Vidal, ECE

  2. ELECTRONICS • the science dealing with the development and application of devices and systems involving the flow of electrons or other carriers of electric charge, in a vacuum, in gaseous media, in plasma, in semiconductors, in solid-state and/or in similar devices, including, but not limited to, applications involving optical, electromagnetic and other energy forms when transduced or converted into electronic signals. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  3. APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRONICS • COMMUNICATIONS ELECTRONICS • ELECTRIC POWER • DIGITAL ELECTRONICS • AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS • INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS • MEDICAL ELECTRONICS • CONSUMER ELECTRONICS Ronel Vidal, ECE

  4. 2 TYPES OF ELECTRONIC SIGNAL • ANALOG – ELECTRONIC SIGNALS THAT THE AMPLITUDE CHANGES CONTINUOUSLY WITH RESPECT TO TIME WITH NO BREAKS OR DISCONTINUITIES. • DIGITAL – ELECTRONIC SIGNALS THAT ARE DESCRIBE AS DISCRETE; THEIR AMPLITUDE MAINTAINS A CONSTANT LEVEL FOR A PRESCRIBED PERIOD OF TIME THEN IT CHANGES TO ANOTHER LEVEL. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  5. TWO TYPES OFELECTRONIC CIRCUIT • DISCRETE CIRCUIT – Electronic circuit that is composed of individual circuit components. • INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) – Electronic circuit with thousands of circuit components in a single package. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  6. CLASSIFICATIONSOF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION ACTIVE • SEMICONDUCTORS • ELECTRON TUBES • VDD (Visual Display Devices) PASSIVE RESISTOR, CAPACITOR & INDUCTOR Ronel Vidal, ECE

  7. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS • SEMICONDUCTORS DIODE, TRANSISTOR, ICs, etc. • RESISTORS • CAPACITORS • INDUCTOR/ COIL • ELECTRON TUBES VACUUM TUBES, PICTURE TUBES, CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) • VISUAL DISPLAY DEVICES LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) LED ( Light Emitting Diode) Ronel Vidal, ECE

  8. ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT REPRESENTATION (ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM) • Block Diagram • Circuit Diagram (Schematic) • Pictorial Diagram Ronel Vidal, ECE

  9. Block Diagrams • Block diagrams are used to understand (and design) complete circuits by breaking them down into smaller sections or blocks. • Each block performs a particular function and the block diagram shows how they are connected together. • No attempt is made to show the components used within a block, only the inputs and outputs are shown. This way of looking at circuits is called the systems approach. • Power supply (or battery) connections are usually not shown on block diagrams. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  10. Audio Amplifier System • The power supply (not shown) is connected to the pre-amplifier and power amplifier blocks. • Microphone - a transducer which converts sound to voltage. • Pre-Amplifier - amplifies the small audio signal (voltage) from the microphone. • Tone and Volume Controls - adjust the nature of the audio signal. The tone control adjusts the balance of high and low frequencies. The volume control adjusts the strength of the signal. • Power Amplifier - increases the strength (power) of the audio signal. • Loudspeaker - a transducer which converts the audio signal to sound. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  11. Radio Receiver System • The power supply (not shown) is connected to the audio amplifier block. • Aerial - picks up radio signals from many stations. • Tuner - selects the signal from just one radio station. • Detector - extracts the audio signal carried by the radio signal. • Audio Amplifier - increases the strength (power) of the audio signal. • Loudspeaker - a transducer which converts the audio signal to sound. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  12. Regulated Power Supply System • Transformer - steps down 230V AC mains to low voltage AC. • Rectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying. • Smoothing - smooths the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple. • Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  13. Feedback Control System Ronel Vidal, ECE

  14. Feedback Control System • The power supply (not shown) is connected to the control circuit block. • Sensor - a transducer which converts the state of the controlled quantity to an electrical signal. • Selector (control input) - selects the desired state of the output. Usually it is a variable resistor. • Control Circuit - compares the desired state (control input) with the actual state (sensor) of the controlled quantity and sends an appropriate signal to the output transducer. • Output Transducer - converts the electrical signal to the controlled quantity. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  15. Feedback Control System • Controlled Quantity - usually not an electrical quantity, e.g. motor speed. • Feedback Path - usually not electrical, the Sensor detects the state of the controlled quantity. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  16. Circuit Diagram • Circuit diagrams show how electronic components are connected together. Each component is represented by a symbol. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  17. Wires and Connections Ronel Vidal, ECE

  18. Wires and Connections Ronel Vidal, ECE

  19. Wires and Connections Ronel Vidal, ECE

  20. Wires and Connections Ronel Vidal, ECE

  21. Power Supplies Ronel Vidal, ECE

  22. Power Supplies Ronel Vidal, ECE

  23. Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  24. Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  25. Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  26. Switches Ronel Vidal, ECE

  27. Switches Ronel Vidal, ECE

  28. Switches Ronel Vidal, ECE

  29. Switches Ronel Vidal, ECE

  30. Circuit Diagram and Component Layouts • Circuit diagrams show the connections as clearly as possible with all wires drawn neatly as straight lines. • The actual layout of the components is usually quite different from the circuit diagram. • A circuit diagram is useful when testing a circuit and for understanding how it works. Ronel Vidal, ECE

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  32. Drawing Circuit Diagrams • not difficult but it takes a little practice to draw neat, clear diagrams • a useful skill for science as well as for electronics • You will certainly need to draw circuit diagrams if you design your own circuits Ronel Vidal, ECE

  33. Drawing Circuit Diagrams • Follow these tips for best results: • Make sure you use the correct symbol for each component. • Draw connecting wires as straight lines (use a ruler). • Put a 'blob' ( • ) at each junction between wires. • Label components such as resistors and capacitors with their values. • The positive (+) supply should be at the top and the negative (-) supply at the bottom. • The negative supply is usually labeled 0V, zero volts. Ronel Vidal, ECE

  34. Drawing Complex Circuit Diagrams • Try to arrange the diagram so that signals flow from left to right: inputs and controls should be on the left, outputs on the right. • You may omit the battery or power supply symbols, but you must include (and label) the supply lines at the top and bottom. Ronel Vidal, ECE

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  36. End of Lesson 1 Ronel Vidal, ECE

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