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Symbolism. Allegory. Allusion. The nature of evil. The role of society. Dystopia. in Lord of the Flies. By William Golding. Symbolism. Comprehend the difference between literal and figurative and apply these concepts to symbolism and allegory
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inLord of the Flies By William Golding
Comprehend the difference between literal and figurative and apply these concepts to symbolism and allegory • Explain what a symbol is; comprehend the difference between universal and personal symbols; create a personal symbol Today you will . . .
literal • The literal meaning of a story is the actual meaning. It is the most obvious meaning • figurative • The symbolic, suggested meaning Literal vs. Figurative
somethingusedfororregardedasrepresenting something else • a material object representing something, often something immaterial;emblem,token,orsign. A symbol in literature is a sign which has further layers of meaning. In other words, a symbol means more than it literally says. Symbolism
Universal and Cultural Personal Interpretation of Symbols
Universal – most people anywhere in the world would recognize it. • Cultural—the people in a particular culture would recognize it, but those outside the culture may not. • Personal—developed by an author, artist, etc. to specifically represent something. A Symbol Can Be . . .
Write down another universal symbol and another cultural symbol. Explain what it means. • Create your own personal symbol with an explanation. Homework
Comprehend what an allegory is • Analyze “Little Red Riding Hood as an allegory • Analyze a quote as an allegory • Comprehend what an allusion is • Create an allusion Today you will . . .
Allegorya work in which the characters and events . . . represent other people or events in history represent concepts, such as virtues, war, communism symbolically express a deeper, often spiritual, moral, or political meaning
LITERAL • FIGURATIVE An allegory can beunderstood on two levels:
“Little Red Riding Hood”Level One: Literal • Little Red Riding Hood: a little girl • The wolf a dangerous, wild creature • The woodsman a strong, brave working man
Little Red Riding Hood: Innocence • The wolf: Evil • The woodsman: Society’s sense of moral justice “Little Red Riding Hood”Level 2: Figurative
“It is better to be a living dog than a dead lion.” -- Ecclesiastes (9.4) Ecclesiastes uses the literal significance of "dog" and "lion," coupled with their cultural associations, to refer to conditions of human life.
lion dog Literal meaning: a four-legged mammal with sharp teeth Cultural association: the dog is ordinary, weak, cowardly Symbolic meaning: • Literal meaning: a four-legged mammal with sharp teeth • Cultural association: the lion is noble, strong, courageous • Symbolic meaning: Allegory
the literal meaning of "lion" and "dog"--two different species of mammal • the cultural associations of both animals--the lion is noble, strong, courageous; the dog is ordinary, weak, cowardly. • the application to human character: The cultural associations are transferred from dogs and lions to human beings; the application makes a point about life. Breaking it Down
“It is better to be a living dog than a dead lion.” It is better to be a coward and stay alive than be brave and die because of your bravery. the application to human character:The cultural associations are transferred from dogs and lions to human beings; the application makes a point about life.
Edmund Spenser's “The Faerie Queene” -- • several knights stand for virtues like friendship, truth and justice • Animal Farmby George Orwell— • the animals stand for real people and the events real events in the Russian Revolution • the animals and events represent all people during all tyrannies Examples of Other Allegories
A brief, usually indirect reference to a person, place, or event--real or fictional. • According to their content, allusions may be historical, cultural, mythological, literary, political, or private. • Allusions add a depth of meaning. Allusion (NOT “illusion”)
Direct Indirect The title of Robert Frost’s poem “Out, Out--,” is an allusion to Macbeth’s speech about life's shortness after Lady Macbeth dies: “Out, out, brief candle!" • He’s as strong as Hercules. • Hey, Einstein! • She is as loyal as Lady Macbeth. Examples of Allusions
When during a conversation you allude to something, you are making a reference to that something without directly stating it.
How are an allegory and symbolism similar? Respond tothis question . . .
Themesfor Lord of the Flies • What is the nature of evil? • Does a lack or disintegration of society cause injustice?
Utopia Dystopia What’s the difference between a Utopia and a Dystopia?
Answer both of the thematic questions and explain your responses: A.) What is the nature of evil? B.) Does a lack or disintegration of society lead to injustice? • Describe your utopia. What would it look like? Would there be laws, and if so, what kind? How would you get your food and clothing and other goods? Would everyone be treated equally? Would there be schools? For Homework . . .