TITLE ENGLISH GRAMMAR----- ‘PARTS OF SPEECH’ DEVELOPED BY--- ALKA SEHGAL-( T.G.T.-S.Sc). NEELAM KAPOOR-(T.G.T.-Eng).

1. TITLE ENGLISH GRAMMAR----- ‘PARTS OF SPEECH’ DEVELOPED BY--- ALKA SEHGAL-( T.G.T.-S.Sc). NEELAM KAPOOR-(T.G.T.-Eng). -

2. PARTS OF SPEECH

3. TARGET -GROUP CLASSES: VI – VIII AGE: 10 – 14

4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • AFTER INTERACTION WITH THIS SOFTWARE THE LEARNER WILL BE ABLE TO: • IDENTIFY– THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH • DISTINGUISH---DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH • ILLUSTRATE-------PARTS OF SPEECH • MODIFY----ONE FORM TO THE OTHER • SELECT-----APPROPRIATE WORD FORM • RE-WRITE ----THE CORRECT FORM

5. INDEX • INTRODUCTION- PARTS OF SPEECH • NOUN • VERB • ADVERB • ADJECTIVE • PRONOUN • PREPOSITION • CONJUCTION • INTERJECTION • EXERCISES RELATED TO PARTS OF SPEECH • KEY TO EXERCISES • CONCLUSION -

6. PRONOUN NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE CONJUNCTION ADVERB INTERJECTION PREPOSITION

7. NOUN • I am the name of a person, place or a thing.I am of FOUR kinds • PROPER—George, Delhi • COMMON---boy,king • COLLECTIVE---when I am in a group---crowd, herd • ABSTRACT—wisdom, movement, sleep In certain cases I can be counted –book, pen Sometimes I am uncountable---sugar, honesty I change according to GENDER—Lion---lioness I also change according to NUMBER—mango-mangoes When I belong to someone---king’s crown POSSESSIVE CASE

8. PRONOUN • When people get tired of using the noun again and again they use me • Hari is absent, because he is ill • I appear in different forms--- • FIRST PERSON—I and We • SECOND PERSON—You (singular and plural) • THIRD PERSON---he, she,it and they • I hurt myself---Reflexive pronoun • I will do it myself---Emphatic pronoun

9. VERB I am the action word .I tell or assert something about a person or a thing The clock strikes Sometimes I consist of more than one word The girls were singing I occur in the TRANSITIVE FORM---with object The boy kicksthe football INTRANSITIVE FORM---The boy laughs loudly. . I am also responsible for action performed at different times THE PRESENT, THE PAST and THE FUTURE The three forms---go—went—gone; see-saw,seen; Ring,rang,rung; BUT cut is--- cut,cut,cut

10. PARTS OF SPEECH • Fill in the blanks using one of the following verbs • To speak, to play, to shine, to open, to eat,to live. • The shop ---------- everyday. • They ---------------- tennis well. • He never ------------- meat. • My sister ---------------in Paris. • The stars --------------- at night. • You -------------English well. • Put verbs in its correct form: • 1 (this word /mean) what --------------------------? • 2(not /play) He -------------------- football. • 3 (the shops /open) what time ---------------------? • 4(you / come) where ------------------- from ? • 5(speak) Ram ---------- French. • 6(not /be) snow ------------ black.

11. Check your answers: • opens. • Play. • Eats. • Lives. • Shine • Speak. • 1.does this word mean. • 2.does not play. • 3.do the shops open. • 4. Do you come. • 5. Speaks. • 6. Is not.

12. ADVERB I modify the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb The old man is very happy. I can be classified according to the meaning--- TIME---that day he arrived late FREQUENCY---The postman called again PLACE---My brother is out. MANNER---Martha reads quite clearly. Did you know that even I have three forms of comparison Rama ran fast (positive) Arjun ran faster (comparative) Hari ran fastest of all. (superlative)

13. Adjective Iam used to describe a noun or to tell the number or quantity. Comfortable shoes ,hot cup of tea Sometimes I talk about QUALITY-honest man QUANTITY—some rice NUMBER—five fingers I am used for Comparisons---POSITIVE,COMPARATIVE,SUPERLATIVE Ram’s mango is sweet Hari’s mango issweeter than Ram’s. Govind’s mango is the sweetest of all.

14. ARTICLES • Did you know that I belong to the ADJECTIVE family • I am called DEMONSTRATIVE Adjectives • A or an is indefinite article----a doctor-----any doctor • The is a definite article---the doctor—some particular doctor • Use of a or an is determined by sound---- • Before a word beginning with a vowel sound--- • An enemy,an apple • Before a word beginning with a consonant sound— • A woman, a horse

15. A or An? Exercises In the following phrases, supply either a or an: 1. ____ bingo game 2. ____ idiot 3. ____ good job 4. ____ rotten plum 5. ____ used fork 6. ____ uncle 7. ____ historian 8. ____ apple 9. ____ hair 10. ____ artichoke 11. ____ animal 12. ____ usual feeling 13. ____ interest 14. ____ alibi 15. ____ early bird 16. ____ couch 17. ____ airplane 18. ____ grade 19. ____ pair 20. ____ idea 21. ____ energy level

16. PREPOSITION I am placed before a noun or a pronoun to show in what relation it stands in regard to something else. There are three men in a boat. The lady’s bag is under the bench. I can be arranged in the following classes Simple----of,through,with ; Compound---about, beside,inside,without; Phrase prepositions---according to, by virtue of,for the sake of in place of

17. CONJUNCTION I join together sentences and sometimes words. John and Joan are shaking hands This is the house that Jack built. Sometimes I am used in pairs----- Either take it or leave it. Not only is he foolish,but also stubborn.

18. INTERJECTION I am used to express some sudden feeling or emotion. JOY: hurrah! GRIEF : alas! SURPRISE: ha! What! APPROVAL: bravo! Ouch! I have cut my finger. What a wonderful house! What a pity he has broken his leg! Alas! he is no more. An exclamation mark is used. .

19. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTMr. V.K.Sodhi,Senior Lecturer,SCERT.Books-Wren &Martin,Word Power Made Easy,Encarta, Clipart.www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/partsp.html-6kwww.funbrain.com/grammar/-7k/http/www.wadsworth.org/spider-doc/