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Hitler’s Lightning War Unit 7, SSWH 18 a & b. Blitzkrieg: Lightning War. Sept 1, 1939—Hitler launches invasion of Poland, wanted to regain the Polish Corridor (port of Danzig) Britain, France declare war on Germany (Sept 3, 1939) Poland falls quickly
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Blitzkrieg: Lightning War • Sept 1, 1939—Hitler launches invasion of Poland, wanted to regain the Polish Corridor (port of Danzig) • Britain, France declare war on Germany (Sept 3, 1939) Poland falls quickly • Blitzkrieg: Germany’s new military strategy, surprise & quick
Soviets Make Their Move • Soviets capture Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, resistance met in Finland • French, British mobilize along French border, wait for German attack • Many months of no action—the “phony war” (until Apr. 1940)
Fall of France • May 1940: Germany conquers Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg • German forces trap British, French on coast at Dunkirk • British Navy, civilians take ships across Channel to rescue 338,000 soldiers (Rescue/Miracle at Dunkirk) • June 1940: France surrenders to Germany
Battle of Britain • Winston Churchill—Becomes British prime minister, vows no surrender • Germany plans invasion of Britain; air attacks 1940 - 1941 • British use air force, radar, code-breaking to resist Germany • Stunned by British resistance, Hitler calls off attacks
Axis Forces Attack • Mussolini declares war on France, Britain after German victory • Sept. 1940:Mussolini attacks British in North Africa • Dec. 1940: British attack & drive Italians back • Erwin Rommel, German general, battles British in North Africa • 1942, Rommel 1st retreats, then succeeds against British
Hitler To Invade USSR • Hitler plans to invade Soviet Union; takes Balkan countries • Hitler invades Yugoslavia, Greece in April 1941; both fall quickly • Germany invades an unprepared Soviet Union June 1941 • Soviet troops burn land as they retreat; Germans move into Russia • Germans almost capture Moscow, but forced back
American Policy • Most Americans want to avoid war - isolationism • Pres. Franklin Roosevelt fears that if Allies fall, U.S. would have to fight • Lend-Lease Act—U.S. loans weapons to Allies • Roosevelt and Churchill meet, Atlantic Charter, issue statement of principles (supports free trade, right to form own government)- plans for post war