Psychoanalytical Perspectives:

1. Psychoanalytical Perspectives: Freud

2. Psychoanalytic Perspectives • psychodynamics  linking how one’s conscious and unconscious thoughts invoke their behavior • preconscious  unconscious thoughts that can be easily recalled and brought to consciousness • free association  a technique used in psychoanalysis where the patient speaks freely of their thoughts which often leads to discoveries of the unconscious • libido  driving instinct energy in the id Myers, David G. (2007). Psychology: EIGHTH EDITION. New York: Worth Publishers. Anne, John. (2001). Dimished Desire: CAUSES OF LOW LIBIDO IN MALE AND FEMALE.

3. Structures of Personality • Id  The largest and unconscious part of your personality that seeks to satisfy physiological needs no matter what. • Ego  It is partly conscious and partly unconscious. It puts constraints on the id’s needs. • Superego  Partly conscious and partly unconscious. Tells us what is right and wrong because it wants us to choose what is right. Myers, David G. (2007). Psychology: EIGHTH EDITION. New York: Worth Publishers.

4. Psychoanalytic Perspectives • pleasure principle  people have a tendency to seek pleasure and avoid pain, and they do so without acknowledging any consequences • reality principle  people will delay pleasure in order to assure pleasure after taking account of reality and acknowledging its obstacles "Definition: Pleasure Principle and Reality Principle." College of Liberal Arts : Purdue University. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2010. <http://www.cla.purdue.edu/english/theory/psychoanalysis/definitions/pleasureprinci ple.html>.

5. Defense Mechanisms Frater, J. (2007, November 15). Top 7 Psychological Defense Mechanisms - Listverse. Ultimate Top 10 Lists - Listverse. Retrieved March 13, 2010, from http://listverse.com/2007/11/15/top-7-psychological-defense-mechanisms/ Craik, K. (n.d.). Defense Mechanisms . Psychology Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 15, 2010, from http://psychology.jrank.org/pages/165/Defense-Mechanisms.html Syque (2002-2010). Coping Mechanisms. Retrieved from http://changingminds.org/explanations/behaviors/coping/coping.htm

6. Defense Mechanisms • repression the unconscious suppression of uncomfortable thoughts. when certain unbearable events occur, we place them in our subconscious to forget about or deal with later. • projectionassigning uncomfortable thoughts or feelings to another person • reaction formation when a person wants to do or say something but actually does or says the complete opposite of what they really want.

7. Defense Mechanisms • rationalization when a person tries to convince himself/herself of something based on rational and logical thoughts • denial a form of repression where a person refuses to acknowledge that an event has occurred. The person acts as though nothing has happened, behaving in ways that others may see as bizarre.

8. Defense Mechanisms • identification  boosting self-esteem by aligning with someone(s) • partial identification: when a person associates himself/herself (whether it be an actual association or a make-believe one) with someone else in order to be part of a social group • primary identification:taking on the characteristics of someone else in order to be able to do things that the model was able to do (usually a parent) • narcissistic identification: when a person imitates something because of their loss of it

9. Defense Mechanisms • sublimation  turning undesirable needs into something that is more desirable. • displacement converting feelings generated by one thing / person into feelings expressed towards another external object / person

10. Spongebob