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I. Atlantic Slave Trade II. End of the Slave Trade in Africa III. Islamic Africa IV. Africans and European Settlement

I. Atlantic Slave Trade II. End of the Slave Trade in Africa III. Islamic Africa IV. Africans and European Settlement in Southern Africa V. African State Formation in Eastern and North-Eastern Africa. I. Atlantic Slave Trade A. Beginnings 1441 — West Coast Portuguese

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I. Atlantic Slave Trade II. End of the Slave Trade in Africa III. Islamic Africa IV. Africans and European Settlement

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  1. I. Atlantic Slave Trade II. End of the Slave Trade in Africa III. Islamic Africa IV. Africans and European Settlement in Southern Africa V. African State Formation in Eastern and North-Eastern Africa Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

  2. I. Atlantic Slave Trade • A. Beginnings • 1441 — West Coast • Portuguese • 1637 — Elmina • 7,000 / year • Middle Passage • Height, 1600–1700 • 1.5 million • End • Denmark, 1803 • Britain, 1807

  3. II. End of the Slave Trade in Africa • A. Colonies • Britain, Sierra Leone • Freetown • France, Gabon • American Colonization Society • Cape Mesurado • > Liberia, 1847 • B. Legacy • I. Atlantic Slave Trade • B. African States and the Atlantic Slave Trade • Oyo • Yoruba • Alafin, king • Oyo mesi, council • Dahomey • tributary to Oyo • Asante • Akan • founder, Asantehene Osei Tutu (d. 1717) • Kotoko Council • Opoku Ware (c.1720–50) • successor • expansion • > slave trade • Kongo • 1685 — Portuguese invade • Kimpa Vita • Kongo + Christian beliefs

  4. Northwest Africa, 1500-1800 • III. Islamic Africa • A. Background • North Africa • Morocco • Sultan Mulay Ismail (1672–1727) • West African Savanna • Sohghay, conquered by Morocco, 1591 • Tuaregs, 1737 • Kanem-Bornu • Mai Idris Aloma (c.1542–c.1619) Islam • Fulani holy men • > jihad v. Jalonke rulers, 1725 • Usman dan Fodio (1754–1817) • jihad against Hausa, 1804 • > Sokoto Caliphate • Usman, Caliph • Muhammad Bello (1781–1837) • brother of Usman

  5. Southern Africa, 1500-1800 • IV. Africans & European Settlement in Southern Africa • A. Early History • San and Khoikhoi • Bantu, from 3rd C.E. • > two groups • Nguni — Swazi, Zulu, Xhosa • Sotho/Tswana • 16th Century • British, Portuguese • 1652, Portuguese • 1650–1800, Dutch Colony • 3-tiered society • Company officials • Plantation owners • Boers • trekboers • > Khoikhoi territory • 1795, British to Cape

  6. IV. Africans & European Settlement in Southern Africa • B. African State Formation • Mfecane (“the scattering”) • Zulu • Shaka (c.1786–1828) • > Mthethwa • ruled by Dingiswayo (c.1770s–1816) • 1815, Zulu leadership • 1816, succeeds Dingiswayo • Basotho kingdom • Moshoeshoe (c.1786–1870) • to Thaba Bosiu, 1824 • mafias, loans of cattle

  7. C. The Great Trek • 1806, British control Cape Colony • 1836, British give lands to Xhosa kings • > voortrekkers to veld • > Orange Free State, Transvaal • Moshoeshoe • 1868, British protection • 1877— Diamond discoveries • Lord Carnarvon • > against Zulu • King Cetshwayo (c.1832–84) • 1879, Zulu kingdom ended • Cetshwayo exiled

  8. V. State Formation in Eastern & North-Eastern Africa • 17th Century — Portuguese • support Mwene Mutapa • A. Mutapa Kingdom • fragmented • Dombo (d. 1695) • Changmire • B. East Africa • Bunyoro, Buganda • Oman • dates • Busaids • Zanzibar • Sultan Sayyid Said (1791–1856) • British domination • 1890, protectorate

  9. V. State Formation in Eastern & North-Eastern Africa C. East and Central Africa • Transport trade • New states • firearms • slave trade middlemen • Mirambo (1840–84) • Nyambezi • Tippu Tip (c.1830–1905) • Arab/Nyambezi • Swahili • identity consolidated • Rwanda • Twa • Hutu (Bantu) • Tutsi • late 19th • King Rwabugiri, leader of Nyiginya (Tutsi) • conquest state • Tutsi minority dominant

  10. V. State Formation in Eastern & North-Eastern Africa (C. East and Central Africa) • Ethiopia • Emperor Za-Dengel • 1607, Pedro Pais • Emperor Susneyos (1604–32) • Catholic, 1612 • Fasilidis, son • expels Jesuits • 1635, capital at Gonder • Era of the Princes, 1769–1855 • Kasa Haylu • > Emperor Téwodros II, 1855 • 1868, British besiege Maqdala • British victory

  11. “The Myth of the Empty Land” George McCall Theal, map of southern Africa, late nineteenth century

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