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Learning with Media:. Educational Television for Children. What is educational ?. Academic Skills thinking skills like problem solving academic content like vocabulary and math Prosocial Skills altruism, positive interaction, self control Other Definitions APPC Educational Strength.
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Learning with Media: Educational Television for Children
What is educational? • Academic Skills • thinking skills like problem solving • academic content like vocabulary and math • Prosocial Skills • altruism, positive interaction, self control • Other Definitions • APPC Educational Strength
Assumptions… • Content is critical… TV as a medium is neither good nor bad – it depends on what kids watch. • Children are active viewers… Children are cognitively active when watching TV. • The family is a socializing force… The family is the core socializing force influencing children’s use of TV and what they learn from it. (Huston & Wright, 1996)
The Active Child… TV is a one-way medium & learning is a two-way process. How can we create educational content to… • attract & maintain children’s attention? • actively engage children (participatory learning)? • facilitate the learning of desired concepts?
The Preschool Crowd… • Sesame Street • Blues Clues • Dora the Explorer
The Active Child… Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory • Stages of Development • Sensorimotor Stage (infancy) • Preoperational Stage (2 – 5 yrs) • Concrete Operational Stage (5 – 11 yrs.) • Formal Operations (10 – 16? yrs.) Example of Conservation Task:
The Active Child… Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development • Language Acquisition • Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) • Social & Cultural Contributions
The Role of Research… • Formative Research: How can we make show better? • Pilot test new program segments • Measure attention, interest, production • Summative Research: What do children learn? • Evaluate effectiveness of programming • A&E Sesame Street Biography
Research Enhances Learning… • Sesame Street Goals • Communicate w/ low SES audience. • Target children under age 6. • Teach school readiness skills. • Use entertainment production techniques.
Summative Research Enhances Early Learning… • Evaluation: The Early Window Project • Research Question • Do Sesame Street and other educational programs get children ready for school? • Sample • 200+ (2 – 5 years / 4 – 7 years) • Low to moderate income families
EWP Continued… • Method • 3-year longitudinal study following 2 cohorts • Measures • Office Visits • Standardized Tests w/Children, Parent Interviews • Home Visits • Home Observational Measure of the Environment • Time-Use Diaries • Bi-Monthly Diaries Collected Via Telephone
Other Summative Research… • School House Rock • Reading Rainbow • Mister Roger’s Neighborhood • Fat Albert & the Cosby Kids • Barney & Friends
0 – 6 Media Use Report… • Your questions… • How young is too young? • What are the most pressing concerns?
Infants & Toddlers… Baby Einstein videos…
Media Policy:The 3-Hour Rule • Children’s TV Act of 1990 • 3 hours of educational TV per week • Broadcasters -The Jetsons educational? • Necessary to provide broadcasters w/ educational guidelines.
Media Policy:The 3-Hour Rule • Air between 7am and 10pm; • Education as a significant purpose; • Regularly scheduled & typical length; • Identified as educational on the air (E/I symbol) and in documents filed with the FCC and local stations.
The 3-Hour Rule: APPC Educational Strength • Lesson Clarity • Lesson Involvement • Lesson Integration • Lesson Applicability
The 3-Hour Rule…Results • Highest Rated Programs: • Bloopy’s Buddies (S) • Disney’s Doug (ABC & S) • Disney Presents Bill Nye and Science Guy (S) • Popular Mechanics for Kids (S) • Squigglevision (ABC) • Lowest Rated Programs: • Inquirer High School Sports Show (S) • More than a Game (S) • NBA Inside Stuff (NBC) • NFL Under the Helmet (FOX) • Pressure 1 (S) • Pressure 2 (S) • Sherlock Holmes in the 21st Century (FOX)