Biology Final Exam

1. Biology Final Exam Review Challange

2. Match the definition to the correct term.a. genes b. haploid c. diploid d. meiosis e. polyploidy • segments of DNA on chromosomes that control the production of proteins

3. Match the definition to the correct term.a. genes b. haploid c. diploid d. meiosis e. polyploidy • cell division in which one cell divides into four haploid gametes, creates sex cells

4. Match the definition to the correct term.a. genes b. haploid c. diploid d. meiosis e. polyploidy • a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes (2n), ex. cell with 46 chromosomes in humans

5. Match the definition to the correct term.a. genes b. haploid c. diploid d. meiosis e. polyploidy • condition in which cells have one or more extra sets of chromosomes

6. Match the definition to the correct term.a. genes b. haploid c. diploid d. meiosis e. polyploidy • a cell with one set of chromosomes (n), ex. cell with 23 chromosomes in humans

7. Match the definition to the correct term.a. alleles b. dominant trait c. recessive trait d. genotype e. phenotype • form of a trait that is masked by another form of the trait

8. Match the definition to the correct term.a. alleles b. dominant trait c. recessive trait d. genotype e. phenotype • alternative forms of a single gene

9. Match the definition to the correct term.a. alleles b. dominant trait c. recessive trait d. genotype e. phenotype • genetic appearance of the allele pairs present in an organism (i.e. what letters are used such as Tt)

10. Match the definition to the correct term.a. alleles b. dominant trait c. recessive trait d. genotype e. phenotype • outward appearance and observable characteristics of an allele pair in an organism (i.e. what does the organism look like such as tall or short)

11. Match the definition to the correct term.a. alleles b. dominant trait c. recessive trait d. genotype e. phenotype • form of a trait that masks (covers up) other forms of a trait and is passed on to the next generation

12. Meiosis is essential to the reproduction of a species. Which of the following is not true about meiosis? • crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis helps create genetic diversity • meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell in half • meiosis is used by an organism for growth and to replace damaged cells • meiosis involves two separate cell divisions

13. Gregor Mendel used trends and traits he saw in ___?___ to develop the rules of basic genetics. • tomato plants • Humans • Rabbits • pea plants

14. The figure above shows homologous chromosomes. What are homologous chromosomes? • pairs of chromosomes in the same cell that carry genes for different traits • pairs of chromosomes in the same cell that carry genes for the same traits • chromosomes from different cells that carry genes for the same traits • chromosomes from different cells that carry genes for different traits

15. Diagrams like the one above are used to trace the inheritance of a particular trait within a family. What are diagrams such as this called? • phylogenic chart • pedigree • Cladogram • evolutionary tree

16. Down syndrome was one of the earliest known genetic disorders. Also known as trisomy 21, Down syndrome results when a baby is born with an extra chromosome 21. This extra chromosome is caused when the chromatids fail to separate properly during meiosis. What is the term used to describe this improper separation of chromatids. • nondisjunction • codominance • Amniocentesis • karyotype

17. Color blindness is more common in males because it is a sex-linked trait. What does it mean that color blindness is sex linked? • there are several different alleles that control for the trait • neither of the alleles for color blindness are dominant over the other • the genes for color blindness are located on the X chromosome but are not found on the Y chromosome • one allele for color blindness hides the effects of the other allele

18. Which of the following kingdoms does not belong to the Domain Eukarya? • Kingdom Animalia • Kingdom Bacteria • Kingdom Fungi • Kingdom Protista

19. All animals that have a backbone are known as ___?___. • vertebrates • mammals • Invertebrates • sponges

20. If snapdragon flowers have a genotype of RR, they have red flowers. If the genotype is rr, the flowers are white. If the genotype is heterozygous (Rr), the flowers are pink. • If a red flowered snapdragon is crossed with a white flowered snapdragon, all of the offspring will have pink flowers. This is an example of ____?____. • codominance • multiple alleles • incomplete dominance • recessive genetics

21. If snapdragon flowers have a genotype of RR, they have red flowers. If the genotype is rr, the flowers are white. If the genotype is heterozygous (Rr), the flowers are pink. • If you crossed two pink snapdragons as in the Punnett square above. What percentage of offspring would be white? • 0 % • 50 % • 25 % • 75 %

22. What is the correct order for the taxonomic hierarchy from largest, least specific group to smallest, most specific group? • Kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, species, family • Phylum, class, kingdom, order, family, genus, species • Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species • Species, genus, family, phylum, class, order, kingdom

23. Bacteria are single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus or other organelles. These types of organisms are known as ___?___. • eukaryotes • viruses • simple organisms • prokaryotes

24. Which of the following is true about the scientific names of organisms? • The scientific name is used because common names can often lead to confusion or be misleading • The scientific name is made up of the genus and species name of an organism • The scientific name is italicized when printed in a book and underlined when handwritten • All of the above

25. How is a species defined according to the biological species concept? • A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce in nature and have fertile offspring • A species is any group of organisms that share similar physical characteristics • A species is a group of organisms that have evolved from the same ancestral population • None of the above

26. Most invertebrate animals have a hard, tough outer covering that provides support. This covering is called a ___?___. • exoskeleton • notochord • Endoskeleton • vertebrae

27. Match the animal below with the correct phylum to which it belongsa. Cnidaria b. Platyhelminthesc. Nematodad. Mollusca e. Annelida • octopus and clams

28. Match the animal below with the correct phylum to which it belongsa. Cnidaria b. Platyhelminthes c. Nematodad. Mollusca e. Annelida • dog heart worms

29. Match the animal below with the correct phylum to which it belongsa. Cnidaria b. Platyhelminthes c. Nematodad. Mollusca e. Annelida • earthworms

30. Match the animal below with the correct phylum to which it belongsa. Cnidaria b. Platyhelminthes c. Nematodad. Mollusca e. Annelida • jellyfish and sea anemones

31. Match the animal below with the correct phylum to which it belongsa. Cnidaria b. Platyhelminthes c. Nematodad. Mollusca e. Annelida • tapeworm

32. Within a decade of the introduction of a new insecticide, nearly all of the descendants of the target insects are resistant to the usual-sized dose. What is the most likely explanation for this change in susceptibility to the insecticide? • Eating the insecticide caused the insects to become more resistant to it. • Eating the insecticide caused the insects to become less resistant to it. • The pesticide destroyed organisms that cause disease in the insects, thus allowing them to live longer. • The insects developed physiological adaptations resulting in the insects evolving to be resistant to the insecticide.

33. Which answer best shows an animal's adaptation to the tropical rain forest? • camouflage in a tree frog • an elephant's long trunk • the long neck of a giraffe • migration of birds in winter

34. Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name of the Northern cardinal? • cardinaliscardinalis • cardinalisCardinalis • Cardinaliscardinalis • CardinalisCardinalis

35. How do fossils demonstrate evidence of evolution? • They show that ancient species share similarities with species now on Earth. • They show evidence of species that are now extinct. • They are the primary source of evidence of natural selection. • Fossils reveal that many species have remained unchanged for millions of years.

36. Darwin reasoned that some competitors in the struggle for existance would be better equipped for survival than others. Those better equipped individuals are more likely to survive while those less equipped will die. This is known as the process of __________. • artificial selection • adaptation • variation • natural selection

37. The scientific name for the American black bear is Ursusamericanus. Identify the genus this bear belongs to. • genus americanus • genus Ursus • genus Ursusamericanus • none of the above

38. You are on a scientific expedition in the Amazon rainforest and find an organism that you have never seen before. After doing a little research, you find that the organism is multicellular and has eukaryotic cells. It gets its nutrition by decomposing and absorbing dead organic material in its environment. What kingdom does this organism belong to? • Animalia • Eubacteria • Fungi • Plantae

39. What is the name of the system used to give each species of organism a scientific name made up of the genus and species names of the organism. • taxonomic heirarchy • binomial nomenclature • binomial taxonomy • classification nomenclature

40. Which of the following is not a characteristic of all arthropods? • all arthropods have an exoskeleton • all arthropods reproduce asexually • all arthropods have segmented or sectioned bodies • all arthropods have jointed appendages

41. What is the name given to an organism with an endoskeleton and a backbone? • Invertebrate • mammal • Vertebrate • echinoderm

42. A crayfish is an example of an organism with ___?____ symmetry. • Radial • bilateral • Asymmetry • none of the above

43. Which structure physically breaks down food in the earthworm digestive tract? • Pharynx • gizzard • Crop • clitellum

44. Which of the following is not one of the major groups of arthropods? • crustaceans • arachnids • insects • turtles

45. The nucleotide base sequence of a strand of DNA is TAC-CGG-AGT. What is the sequence of the complementary DNA strand? • TAC-CGG-AGT • ACT-GAA-CGA • AGT-TCC-TAC • ATG-GCC-TCA

46. When penicillin was first introduced, it was very effective in destroying most of the bacteria that cause gonorrhea. Today, certain varieties of this bacterium are resistant to penicillin. Which statement below best explains the appearance of these resistant varieties? • Penicillin stimulated the bacteria to become resistant, and this resistance was passed to the offspring. • Penicillin killed the susceptible bacteria, while naturally resistant varieties survived and reproduced. • Penicillin used today is not as strong as the penicillin used when it was first introduced. • Penicillin stimulated the production of antigens in the resistant bacteria.

47. Which statement represents the major concept of the theory of evolution? • A new species moves into a habitat when another species becomes extinct. • Every period of time in Earth’s history has its own group of organisms. • Present-day organisms on Earth developed from earlier, distinctly different organisms. • Every location on Earth’s surface has its own unique group of organisms.

48. Birds living in a diverse habitat would have feet that are webbed to varying degrees. Some have no webbing, some have very little webbing, and some have fully webbed feet. What might happen to this population if their environment became increasingly wetter over a long period of time? • The population would become more diverse, exhibiting more varieties of feet. • The population would become less diverse, with most having fully webbed feet. • The population would become less diverse, with most having little to no webbing. • The population would remain stable because the variety is appropriate for the habitat.

49. Which statement is true regarding evolution? • It involves changes over many generations • It is the same as natural selection • It only involves artificial selection • It occurs within a single generation

50. A scientist studied a specific DNA segment from four different species. The table below shows the base sequence for each species. Species Base Sequence1 CTT ACT GCT2 CTA ACC GGT3 CTT AGT CGT4 CTA ACT GCT According to this table, which two species are most closely related? • Species 2 and 4 • species 2 and 3 • Species 1 and 3 • species 1 and 4