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Civil War Topics

Civil War Topics. People. Abraham Lincoln. 16 th president- first Republican e lection led to secession l ittle experience p atient, strong leader k nown for freeing slaves a ssassinated after Civil War ended. George McClellan. 1 st Commander of Union Army

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Civil War Topics

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  1. Civil War Topics

  2. People

  3. Abraham Lincoln • 16th president- first Republican • election led to secession • little experience • patient, strong leader • known for freeing slaves • assassinated after Civil War ended

  4. George McClellan • 1st Commander of Union Army • good organizer- raised a well-trained, organized army for the Union • too cautious, relieved of command during Civil War

  5. Ulysses S. Grant • attended West Point and served in Mexican War • won many victories for the Union in the West • Lincoln appointed Commander of Union Army in the middle of Civil War • Became president of the United States

  6. William Tecumseh Sherman, Philip Sheridan, and “total war” • were ordered by Grant to wage “total war” on the South • tore through the South, burned towns, destroyed railroad tracks, etc. • hated for destruction caused in the South

  7. Jefferson Davis • President of the Confederacy • military experience- Mexican War • Secretary of War • respected for honesty and courage- thought to be a better leader than Lincoln • didn’t listen to others’ opinions

  8. Robert E. Lee • Best general at West Point • asked by Lincoln to led Union troops • became the commander of Confederate Army • successfully won battles even though his army was outnumbered • encouraged reconciliation and peaceful reunification after the Civil War

  9. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson • best general in Confederate Army • held his ground “like a stone wall” in Battle of Bull Run • accidentally shot by his own men after a battle- later died

  10. 54th Massachusetts Regiment • most famous African-American unit in army • fought bravely during many battles- helped earn respect for African-American soldiers • 16 African-Americans won Congressional Medals of Honor for acts of bravery

  11. Women at War • women’s aid societies helped supply troops • held fairs and fundraisers • disguised themselves as soldiers • worked as spiesand nurses • Dorothea Dix, Rose Greenhow, Clara Burton, Sojourner Truth, etc…

  12. Battles

  13. Battle of Bull Run 1 and 2 (Manassas) • July 1861 • Virginia • 1st major battle of Civil War • Confederates won surprising victory • shattered North’s hopes of winning the war quickly • gave Confederate troops hope

  14. Battle of Antietam • September 17, 1862 • Union troops found Lee’s battle plan to attack in the North • armies met in Maryland • bloodiest single day of war • 23,000 causalities • Union stopped Confederate northern advance

  15. Battle of Fredericksburg and Battle of Chancellorsville • December 1862 and May 1863 • Virginia • 2 stunning victories for the Confederates • Confederate troops used hills and woods to outwit the Union army • Union’s worst defeats

  16. Battle of Shiloh and New Orleans • April 1862 • Shiloh- bloody, two-day battle • Union troops led by Grant • Union controlled both ends of Mississippi River • Jackson was accidently shot and killed after battle

  17. The siege of Vicksburg • May 1863 • middle of Mississippi River, on a high cliff- hard to attack • Grant led surprise attack- siege lasted over 6 weeks • Confederate war and food supplies ran out- they ate mules and rats • surrendered on July 9th, 1863- Union controlled all of the Mississippi River

  18. Battle of Gettysburg • 3 day battle • Most important in Civil War: turning point of war • Confederate soldiers retreated after losing many man • Pickett’s Charge • 40,000 soldiers were wounded or dead • Gettysburg Address

  19. Naval Action • Union navy had strong Navy and set up blockades • Confederacy captured an abandoned Union ship, covered it with ironclads, and sent it to battle Union’s wood ships • many battles between ironclad ships • a new warship was invented

  20. Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse • Lee and army withdrew after Grant took Petersburg and Richmond VA- 9 month siege • Trapped by Union forces a week later, Lee surrendered • Grant offered generous terms of surrender

  21. Miscellaneous

  22. Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Address • freed all slaves living in Confederate States • slowly introduce emancipation and help Union cause • no slaves were actually freed • Gettysburg Address • all men created equal • war tested strength of democratic nation

  23. Lincoln’s Assassination • 5 days after the Civil War ended • shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater • conspiracy- others attacked on same day • conspirators were captured and tried- some hanged

  24. Post War problems (Reconstruction) • economic problems • North- 800,000 returning soldiers needed jobs • South- towns destroyed by war • Should Confederate leaders be punished? • Should Southern states be allowed back into U.S. Government? • Should slavery be abolished?

  25. Inventions • hot air balloons • tin Cans • Ironclad ships • military telegraph system • railroad • and others…..

  26. Military Technology • the Gatling gun • the Repeater Rifle • the rifled musket • submarine • and others…..

  27. Lack of Sanitation and Medical Technology • little medicine to stop pain and infection • many amputations • 2x the amount of soldiers died from disease and infection than in battle

  28. Wisconsin’s Contribution to the War • many Wisconsin men fought for the Union in the Civil War • Wisconsin sent many units • Wisconsin women worked to aid war effort

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