VOCABULARY

1. VOCABULARY • United Nations – an international peacekeeping organization founded in 1945. promotes peace, security and economic development • Containment – US policy of keeping communism from spreading • Iron Curtain – phrase used by Churchill to describe an imaginary line dividing communist east from non communist west Europe • Cold War – name given to the period after WW II of hostility between the US and Soviet Union – no direct military conflict • Marshall Plan- US plan to supply economic aid to European countries after WW II to help them rebuild

2. VOCABULARY • Korean War – North Korea invaded South Korea. US fought on the side of South Korea and China fought on the side of North Korea • House Un-American Activities Committee – congressional committee that investigated communist influence both inside and outside the government • McCarthyism – unsubstantiated attacks on people suspected of being communist • Brinkmanship – threatening to go to the edge of war. Use all force against any aggression • Sputnik – first successful satellite in space. Launched by Russia

3. Cold War Facts • Begins • Conflict of ideals • Actions • Ends

4. Marshall Plan • NATO • Warsaw Pact

5. Pick up a map and follow the directions NATO and WARSAW PACT map- • Use the map on page 624 to complete the map. • Label each country and body of water identified on the map on page 624 except Iceland. • Select FOUR colored pencils. Color the map to represent the NATO countries, the Warsaw Pact countries and those countries that are non-aligned. • Use the fourth color to draw in the Iron Curtain. Page 605 • Color the key to correspond to the colors you chose for the map. Add the Iron Curtain to the key. • Turn in map and colored pencils when completed.

7. CHAPTER 18 THE COLD WAR BEGINS

8. The Yalta Conference • February 1945 • Who is meeting? (Churchill, Stalin, and FDR) • What do all three make a compromise on? • POLAND • 1. FDR & Churchill would recognize Polish gov’t set up by Soviets 2. New government would include members of pre-war Polish government • 3. Polish government would hold free elections ASAP • What did the Big 3 decide to do with Germany? (Divide Germany AND Berlin into four zones)

9. United Nations – April 1945 • Peace-keeping organization • How is it organized? • General Assembly Made up of representatives of all member nations • Security Council – hold real power made up of 11 members 5 seats are permanent US SU Britain France China 6 seats are decided on a rotating basis • What are its powers? -investigate international problems -propose settlements -ask member nations to use forces to uphold decisions

10. Cold War Conflicts • What type of economics does the SOVIET UNION use? (Socialism –gov. controlled economics) • What type of economics does the UNITED STATES use? (Capitalist- citizen controlled economics) • Why was the Soviet Union mad at the US? • US had not recognized USSR as a “government” until 16 yrs after Bolshevik Revolution • Why was the US mad at the Soviet Union? • Stalin signed the Non-Aggression Pact with Germany

11. The Potsdam Conference • July 1945 • Who was a part of the Conference? • Truman (US), Atlee (UK after Churchill), Stalin (USSR) • What caused more conflict between the US and SU? • Truman pushed Stalin to hold elections in Poland • Stalin refused

12. Tension Mounts • Truman believed that the Nazi-controlled countries should be given the right of self-determination • Truman also feared giving in to Stalin’s demands. • Soviet Union wanted to stripGermany to rebuild the SU. • US, Britain, and France wanted torebuildGermany.

13. Since the US industries and factories had not been destroyed, US economy was ___ (booming) • US becomes the ____ (world economic leader) • Soviet Union felt scared of another attack, so they wanted “security” • Created “_________”(satellite nations- nations that surrounded USSR) • Controlled by Stalin AND HAD ___! (communist govt.) • Early 1946- Stalin gave a speech. • He said capitalism and communism were incompatible. War is inevitable.The USSR would start making weapons… uh oh… • US saw this as a declaration of war!

14. Pick up the green sheet titled “THE MARSHALL PLAN” • Read the information and answer the questions

15. The Policy of Containment • Containment- • an effort to block Soviet attempts to spread communism • February 1946 • Iron Curtain – • imaginary line dividing communist Europe from democratic Europe

16. Cold War in Europe (1945-1991) • Why is it called the “Cold War”? • The US and USSR had conflicting goals and got almost to the point of ANOTHER WAR • US wanted to spread democracy and capitalism • USSR wanted to spread communism • The US had to stop this!!!

17. Truman Doctrine (1947) • Truman felt the US should “support the free people throughout the world who resisted the takeover of communism” • Britain had been helping Turkey and Greece but ran out of money… So the US took over that responsibility • What did the US do? • Began paying Greek and Turkish debt and keep them above water in economics • WHY?!?!? • To keep them away from USSR (communism)

18. The Marshall Plan • Created by Sec of State George Marshall • Main Purpose- Help Europe RECOVER • What was the compromise between the US and countries that signed on with the Marshall Plan? • Countries receiving aid had to remove trade barriers and cooperate economically with one another • Was it effective? (Very, countries prospered… and it made communism look bad…yay!!!)

19. Helping to get Europe out of the hole

20. Results of the Yalta Conference Germany Berlin

21. Struggle Over Germany • After WWII, Germany (country) and Berlin (capital) were divided between ____ (US, GB, FR, and USSR) • SU wanted to keep Germany___ (divided) • Others wanted to ___ Germany (rebuild and reunite) • SU held Berlin hostage… nothing in or out! • Led to the Berlin Airlift – US and GB began flying supplies in -> made US look good and USSR look bad… again! 

22. Why did the US get the biggest piece???

24. West and East Germany • Federal Republic of Germany • West Germany • UK, US, and FR parts • Voters approved a constitution • German Democratic Republic • East Germany • USSR part

25. Which side is the capitalist side? • Which side is the communist side?

26. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)Find a place to put this… its important!!! • 10 western European nations joined with the US and Canada on Apr 4, 1949 • All member countries promised that an attack on one would be regarded as an attack on ALL • 1st time in US history that the US entered a military alliance with other nations during peace time • The Cold War endedUS Isolationism…

27. Section 2 The Cold War Heats Up

28. Civil War in China • Mao Zedong vs • Communist • Chiang Kai-shek • Nationalist

29. Civil war in China stopped during WWII and the communists and nationalists fought together against Japan • US sent supplies to the nationalist side • Chiang Kai-shek was a dictator, corrupt, but he wasbetter than the communist, so the US decided to“stick with the lesser of two evils” • When the Civil War started again, the US once again favored the nationalist • Nationalists were not strong enough • China became a communist country Containment had FAILED

30. Koreans Go To War • Japan had taken over Korea during WWII • When WWII ended… • Japanese in North surrendered to the USSR • Japanese in South surrendered to US • Dividing line was the 38th Parallel • Industry was in the NORTH • Agriculture was in the SOUTH • SU and US withdrew troops and both Koreas thought they had the right to rule the ENTIRE COUNTRY (both sides)

31. North Korea= Democratic Republic of Korea South Korea= Republic of Korea

32. June 25, 1950 • N Korean troops started Korean War • US sent in naval and air support AGAINST N Korea • June 27, 1950 • UN Security Council called on member countries to help S Korea • 590,000 troops were put under the direction of General Douglas MacArthur • General Douglas MacArthur counter attacks, whips the N Korean troops, and becomes a hero

33. October 7, 1950- UN General Assembly recommended that troops unite both Koreas • China had warned… US troops should not come to the border of China (Yalu River) • MacArthur is FURIOUS! • Asks Truman for permission to attack China!!! • Truman says, “Um… no…” • Why? (USSR and China had alliance… would’ve started WW3!!!) • What did MacArthur do? (MacArthur tried to go over Truman’s head… go to the American people!) • What was the effect of this? MacArthur got fired • June 23, 1951- USSR recommended a cease-fire between the Koreas

34. Section 3 The Cold War at Home

35. Fear of Communism • American citizens thought Truman was soft on communism • Loyalty Review Board • What was their “job”? • Investigate government employees to make sure they weren’t disloyal to the US • What was the effect? • 3.2 MILLION employees investigated… 2,900 resigned • House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • What was their “job”? • Investigate possible communist activity both inside and outside government • Who did they go after? • Everyone… and eventually movie stars!

36. “The Hollywood Ten” • 43 subpoenaed- Most were found to be “friendly” like Gary Cooper • Ten of those people refused to answer any questions during the hearings and thus became known as the “Hollywood Ten”. • Also started a communist “blacklist” of Hollywood • 500 names of actors, writers, and producers

37. The McCarren Act • Unlawful to plan any action that might lead to the establishment of a dictatorship in the US • What did Truman do? • Vetoed it • What did Congress do in response to Truman? • Passed it without his approval • Dennis v. United States

38. Alger Hiss • 1948 • Accused of being a spy for SU by Whittaker Chambers • Charged with perjury • Lying under oath • Famous Congressman from CA that pursued Hiss -> Richard Nixon

39. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg • September 23, 1949- SU had created and exploded an Atomic Bomb • Why is this stunning? • Thought it would take 3-5 yrs for USSR to make bomb • What is assumed? • US thought the USSR had stolen US bomb secrets -Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were implicated by a British physicist who said he gave them the Atomic bomb info -The Rosenbergs took the “5th” -Convicted and sentenced to death

40. Joseph McCarthy • Most famous anti-communist activist • US Senator who was not popular and the election was coming up • Needed to do something to get popular • What did he do? • Began accusing gov’t officials of being communist • What did this become known as?

41. McCarthyism • The unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty without providing evidence • How many people did McCarthy claim were “on his list”? 5,781,205!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • All Democrats were communists!!!!!!! • How many names did McCarthy reveal? • O… nada… none… zero… zip… zilch…

42. McCarthy’s Downfall • In 1954 McCarthy made accusations of the US Army being communist… what!?? • Led to nationally televised Senate investigations McCarthy bullied the witnesses, had no real evidence Senate condemned him • McCarthy died a lonely, broken alcoholic 3 yrs later

44. Section 4 Two Nations Living on the Edge

45. The H-Bomb • The Hydrogen bomb had a estimated force of 1 MILLION TONS of TNT (67x more powerful than the A-bomb dropped on Japan) • Argument was it is wrong to have such a destructive weapon • Jan 31, 1950- Truman authorized its creation • Nov 1, 1952- US exploded 1st bomb with the force of 10.4 MILLION tons of TNT • Aug 1953- USSR exploded their own

46. Brinkmanship • Willingness to go to the EDGE of war • John Foster Dulles- Sec of State • Strong anti-communist who thought compromise with SU is immoral • Dulles developed this policy of promising to use ALL forces (even the H-bomb) against aggressor (communist) nations

47. American citizens were CONVINCED the USSR was aiming bombs at US cities • Emergency procedures at school • Families built “Bomb” shelters • Threat was a constant for THIRTY YEARS!!! • CIA- Central Intelligence Agency • Used spies to gather information • Covert Operations- undercover operations to weaken or overthrow governments that were unfriendly to the US

48. Wow. All the comforts of home… underground…

49. To answer your question… YES. This is an actual bomb drill during the USSR threat.

50. The Cold War • Read the purple booklet on your desk and answer the following questions on a piece of loose leaf paper. • What is the purpose of NATO? • What was the Iron Curtain? • What happened to start the Korean War? • What was Senator Joseph McCarthy known for? • What is M.A.D.? • Most Americans asked what question when the Soviets successfully launched Sputnik?