New Concept English Comprehensive Course

1. Book 1 New Concept English Comprehensive Course 大学英语新理念 综合教程 第一册

2. Unit Four Sports New Concept English Comprehensive Course 新理念大学英语综合教程 Book 1 Sports and Games

3. Learning Focus Learn the new words and expressions. Describe the campus and the activities at college. Use the grammar of Past Tense correctly. Get to know some skills about how to write Notice(启事).

4. Section II Reading Text A Text B

5. Text A Background Detailed Study of Text A Words and Expressions Exercises

6. Background Text A 1.The Origins of the Olympic Flame The origins of the Olympic Flame come from ancient Greece; this tradition was revived at the 1928 Olympics and has been a symbol of the Games ever since. The Flame is ignited a few months before the Games begin. It is then relayed around the world by athletes and celebrities all the way to the Olympic venue where it ignites a cauldron that burns for the duration of the Games. Technology and imagination have been combined to provide some ingenious and exciting ways to both who carry the Flame and ignite the cauldron at the Opening Ceremony.

7. Background Text A In 1948 the Flame was transported by boat across the English Channel; in 1952, the Flame made its first ever aviation trip to Helsinki; in 1956, the Flame traveled on horseback through Australia; and on its way to the 2000 Games, the Flame even traveled underwater! In 1976, something truly remarkable happened to the Olympic Flame – it was transformed into an electric pulse, the pulse was then transmitted to an orbiting satellite, and finally, it was converted into a laser beam to relight the Flame! This achievement heralded the partnership of technology with the Flame.

8. Background Text A The modern Games don’t just provide an arena for competition among athletes for gold; they now promote competition among host countries to show off their imagination and ingenuity. The end result is a magnificent display of human ability and technological advancements – and the whole world can applaud the performance!

9. Background Text A 2. Ceremonies of the Olympic Games The Olympic Games have always included a number of ceremonies, many of which emphasize the themes of international friendship and peaceful cooperation. The opening ceremony has always included the parade of nations, in which the teams from each nation enter the main stadium as part of a procession. The Greek team always enters first, to commemorate the ancient origins of the modern Games, and the team of the host nation always enters last. The opening ceremony has evolved over the years into a complex extravaganza, with music, speeches, and pageantry.

10. Background Text A It is eagerly anticipated and well attended. The torch relay, in which the Olympic Flame symbolizes the transmission of Olympic ideals from ancient Greece to the modern world, was introduced as part of the opening ceremony at the 1936 Summer Games in Berlin. In the relay the torch is lit in Olympia, Greece, and is carried over several weeks or months from there to the host city by a series of runners. After the last runner has lit the Olympic Flame in the main Olympic stadium, the host country’s head of state declares the Games officially open, and doves are released to symbolize the hope of world peace.

11. Background Text A Two other important ceremonial innovations had appeared earlier at the 1920 Games in Antwerp, Belgium. The Olympic Flag, with its five interlocking rings of different colors against a white background, was flown for the first time. The five rings represent unity among the nations of Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Europe. Another innovation occurring in 1920 was the first reciting of the Olympic Oath, taken in the name of all the athletes by a member of the host’s team. The oath asserts the athletes’ commitment to the ideals of sportsmanship in competition.

12. Background Text A Medal ceremonies are also an important part of the Games. After each individual event during the Games, medals are awarded in a ceremony to the first, second, and third place finishers. The winners mount a podium to receive gold (actually gold-plated), silver (silver-plated), and bronze medals. While the national flags of all three competitors are hoisted, the national anthem of the winner’s country is played.

13. Background Text A Originally there was another parade of nations during the closing ceremonies of the Games. At the end of the 1956 Summer Games in Melbourne, Australia, however, the athletes broke ranks and mingled together to celebrate the occasion. This custom was continued in subsequent Games. After the athletes join in the main Olympic stadium in celebration, the president of the IOC invites the athletes and spectators to meet again at the site of the next Games. The IOC president then declares the Games ended, and the Olympic Flame is extinct.

14. 参考译文 Text A 奥林匹克运动 1.奥林匹克运动是世界上最大的运动会，每四年几百个国家派出他们最好的运动员参加最高荣誉的运动会。近六千多人参加二十多项的运动，对于获胜者而言，他们拥有奖牌和荣耀。对无论是胜利者还是失败者的所有参赛者而言，运动也是一种荣誉，那就是奥林匹克的精神，贵在参与。 Text A

15. 参考译文 Text A 2.奥林匹克运动在明亮的场地和大型的活动中开幕，所有参赛国列队在运动场上参加检阅，正是由于希腊是奥林匹克的发源地,通常是希腊国家代表队首先进入场地接受检阅，举办奥运会的国家——东道主国家队最后进入场地接受检阅。 Text A

16. 参考译文 Text A 3.举着奥林匹克火炬的运动员进入广场点燃焰火，来自于主办国的一名运动员代表参赛者进行宣誓，裁判官员也进行宣誓，当运动员全部退出体育场时，主办国会安排精彩的表演。 Text A

17. 参考译文 Text A 4.第二天比赛正式开始，在比赛中有二十多个运动项目，按照规则至少要有十五个项目。主要的竞赛项目是田径运动，但它都在这些运动项目之前进行。每天参赛者都会参加不同项目的运动——马术、射击、游泳还有越野赛跑。每一个项目都能够获得比分。奖牌授予个人和获胜的国家队。 Text A

18. 5.越来越多的女子参加了运动会。1900 年，她们第一次参加了奥林匹克运动项目中具有较长历史的网球和高尔夫球的比赛。在1912年女子游泳运动被纳入竞赛项目。但直到1928年始终没有任何女子的田径运动项目。但现在，除了几个项目外几乎参加了全部项目，在马术、射击还有帆船运动项目中，她们也和男子一样参加比赛。 参考译文 Text A Text A

19. Text B Background Detailed Study of Text B Words and Expressions Exercises

20. Background Dr. James Naismith is known world-wide as the inventor of basketball. He was born in 1861 in Ramsay township, near Almonte, Ontario, Canada. The concept of basketball was born from Naismith's school days in the area where he played a simple child's game known as duck-on-a-rock outside his one-room schoolhouse. The game involved attempting to knock a "duck" off the top of a large rock by tossing another rock at it. Naismith went on to attend McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Text B The Discovery of Basketball

21. Background After serving as McGill's Athletic Director, James Naismith moved on to the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA in 1891, where the sport of basketball was born. In Springfield, Naismith was faced with the problem of finding a sport that was suitable for play inside during the Massachusetts winter for the students at the School for Christian Workers. Naismith wanted to create a game of skill for the students instead of one that relied solely on strength. He needed a game that could be played indoors in a relatively small space. The first game was played with a soccer ball and two peach baskets used as goals. Text B

22. Background James Naismith devised a set of thirteen rules of basketball: (1) The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. (2) The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist. (3) A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed. (4) The ball must be held in or between the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it. Text B

23. Background (5) No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed. (6) A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in Rule 5. (7) If either side make three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul). (8) Goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the ground into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edge and the opponents move the basket, it shall count as a goal. Text B

24. Background (9) When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them. (10) The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have the power to disqualify men according to Rule 5. (11) The referee shall be the judge of the ball and decide when it is in play in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee. (12) The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five minutes' rest between. (13) The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winners. Text B

25. Background In addition to the creation of the basketball, James Naismith graduated as a medical doctor, primarily interested in sports physiology and what we would today call sports science and as Presbyterian minister, with a keen interest in philosophy and clean living. Naismith watched his sport, basketball, introduced in many nations by the YMCA movement as early as 1893. Basketball was introduced at the Berlin Olympics in 1936. Today basketball has grown to become one of the world's most popular sports. Text B

26. 参考译文 Text B 篮球的历史 1.篮球作为世界上最伟大的运动之一，并不是凭空而来，它一定有自己的发明者。这个发明者，就是詹姆斯·奈史密斯。詹姆斯出生于加拿大安大略省的阿尔蒙特，作为一个体育教师和医生，他不久就成了篮球运动的缔造者。这一切都始于1891年1２月。 Text B

27. 参考译文 Text B 2.在1891年他在马萨诸塞州斯普林菲尔德教授体育的时候，基督教事物学校的校长卢瑟·古利克让他设计一种新的体育运动，而这种运动的大体构想主要在室内进行，因为室外太冷无法出去。这种运动还要使运动员保持棒球和足球比赛时的激情。 Text B

28. 参考译文 Text B 3.奈史密斯开始思考这项运动。最早的球使用的是足球，聪明的奈史密斯想出的最早的篮筐是挂在墙上的用来装蜜桃的篮子。从此，篮球得以产生。本来，每个队伍有9个队员，但是目标是一样的，那就是把球传给自己队里的其他球员，然后设法投向对方的筐子里，或是再抢回篮板。从此，篮球就很快传播开来。 Text B

29. 参考译文 Text B 4.18９5年，高中和大学都开始采用这种运动方式，到1898年，第一个篮球联盟成立。第一次比赛后，奈史密斯设计了13项比赛规则，但后来又有很多。我们今天所知道的篮筐的边缘框架是在1906年设计的，材料是钢，边上挂有网。 Text B

30. Section III Practical Writing Notice (启事) Sample 1 Lost Sep. 5, 2007 I was so careless that I lost my school bag when I was studying in the library yesterday. Several necessities were in it, including my English-Chinese Dictionary of Contemporary English, my three textbooks and a notebook. I am quite anxious to get them back so that I can prepare for the exam. Will the finder ring me up to fetch it back? I will sing a sweet song for you as a reward. Loser Liu Ying Address: Room 409, Student Dorm. 2 Tel: 8765432

31. 参考译文 Sample 1 寻物启示 2007年9月5日 昨天，在图书馆上自习的时候我不慎丢失了书包.内装当代英汉字典，三本书和一个笔记本，我很着急拿回我的书包，以便备考，拾到者请给我打电话好吗？作为答谢，我将为您送上一首甜歌。 失主 刘莹 地 址: 学生宿舍 2号楼 409室 电 话: 8765432

32. Sample 2 Notice of Engagement Mr. and Mrs. Holand Walshman have the honour to announce the engagement of their daughter, Miss Lucy, to Mr. Samual Russell on Saturday, March1５,2009 .

33. 参考译文 Sample 2 订婚启事 荷兰德·沃尔什曼先生及夫人荣幸地宣布，他们的小女露 西与塞穆尔·罗素先生于２００９年３月１５日（星期日）订婚，兹特敬告亲友。

34. Writing Tips 机关、团体、个人在有什么需要公开向大家说明或者希望大家合作办理事情时，把它简明扼要地写出来，张贴在公共场所或登在报刊、杂志上的短文，就是启事。一般地，英语启事的写法如下： 1．在正上方写启事的名称，如Found, Contributions, Wanted, Correction，Declaration等；

35. 2．在低于启事名称的右上方写启事的日期，如February 2nd, 2004或 2 February，2004； 3．在正中写启事的内容，一般应包括目的、意义、内容、形式、 要求等； 4．末尾右下方写启事者的单位、姓名。 启事的种类繁多，分为以下几种：遗失启事、 招领启事、征稿启事、迁移启事、更正启事、订婚 启事、出生启事,开业启事等。

36. Practical Tasks I. Translate the English sentences into Chinese ones. 1. I lost a set of keys on the playground when I was playing basketball yesterday. 昨天我在操场上打篮球时丢了一串钥匙。 2. I found a watch on the playground. Please call Mario at 65296403. 我在操场拾得一块手表，请打电话 65296403 找 马里奥。

37. 3. I wish the finder would return the purse to me soon. 希望拾到钱包者能尽早归还我。 4. On the evening of October 16th, I left my Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary in the reading-room. 在10月16日晚上我把一本《牛津高级英汉双解字典》落在阅览室里。 5．Anybody who wants to buy may give me a call within three days. 凡想购买者，可在3天内打电话给我。

38. II. You are required to write a Notice according to the following instructions given in Chinese. 昨天下午你拾到一个钱包，内有现金等物，你把它交到了英语系办公室。办公室人员让你代他们写一份招领启事。落款是英语系办公室，时间是2008年10月8日。

39. 参考答案 Purse Found Oct 8, 2008 A purse was found yesterday afternoon, inside of which there is money and other things. Somebody who lost the purse is expected to come to the office of English Department to claim it. The Office of English Department

40. Section IV Language Skill Development 一般过去时 (Past Simple Tense) 1. 定义: 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作和情况(包括习惯性动作)。 2. 构成: 一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,动词be (was ,were ) ,was用于第一第三人称单数, were 用于其他情况。 3. 用法: (1) 表示发生过的动作或情况。e.g.: She often came to help us. 她常来帮忙。 (2) 动作发生的时间不很清楚,但实际上是过去发生的。e.g.: I was glad to get your letter. 我很高兴收到你的来信。 What was the final score? 最后的得分是多少? I did not know you were so busy. 我不知道你如此忙。

41. (3) 在谈到死亡的情况是多用过去时。e.g.: LaoShe was a great writer. 老舍是一位伟大的作家。 (4) 在口语中一般过去时有时可用来代替一般现在时,使语气变得婉转些。e.g.: Do / Did you want to see me? 你要找我吗? I wonder /wondered if you could spare me a few minutes. 不 知道你能否留给我几分钟时间。 I want /wanted to ask if I can/could borrow your bike. 我想问能否借用一下你的自行车。 I was in last night. 我昨晚在家。

42. 过去将来时(Past Future Tense) 1. 定义：过去将来时表示从过去某时看将来发生的事。 2. 构成：过去将来时由should或would加动词原形构成，第一人称用should，其他人称用would。 3. 用法： (1) 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态 ，一般用在间接引语中，主句谓语动词为过去时。e.g.: I never imagined that he would become a doctor. 我从未想到他会成为医生。 (2) 表示过去习惯性的动作(不论什么人称都用would)。e.g.: Whenever he had time, he would help them in their work. 他一有时间就帮他们干活。 (3) 过去将来时可用was/were about to +动词原形结构，表示过去正要进行的动作。此外，过去将来时也用was/were to+动词原形，was/were+现在分词及一般过去时等表示。e.g.: I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我正要离开时，天开始下雨了。

43. 过去完成时(Past Perfect Tense) 1. 定义: 过去完成时表示过去某时前已发生的动作或情况。 2. 构成: 过去完成时由had加过去分词构成。 3. 用法: 1. 表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前刚刚完成或结束,也可能是早已完成结束。e.g.: I had just got home when it rained. 我刚回到家, 天就下雨了。 2. 表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已开始, 一直延续到这一过去时间,且仍有继续下去的可能性.只适用于状态动词和表示持续性动作的动词, 常与表示一段时间的状语连用。e.g.: By the end of last year, he had taught English for 30 years. 到去年年底,他已经教英语30年了。 3. 表示一个动作先于另一个过去动作,更多见于宾语从句中。e.g.: The child realized that he had lost his way. 这孩子意识到自己迷路了。

44. 过去完成进行时(Past Perfect Continuous Tense) 1．定义：过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近，它通常表示一个持续到过去某时的动作的时态。 2．构成：过去完成进行时是由 had been＋现在分词构成，因此无人称变化。 3．用法： 凡不能用于进行时的动词均不能有这种时态，但动词want（有时还有wish）除外。e.g.: The boy was delighted with his new knife．He had been wanting one for a long time． 男孩对新小刀很高兴。他早就想要一把了。 注意：这一时态没有被动语态，像They had been picking apples（他们一直在摘苹果）这样的句子，最近似的被动式是Apples had been picked（苹果已摘完），实际上这两种说法意思并不相同。过去完成进行时与过去完成时之间的关系，同现在完成进行时与现在完成时之间的关系相同。 (1) 表示动作在所说的过去某一时刻之前就已开始并持续到那一时刻或者在那一时刻之前刚刚停止时，常常可以用两个时态中的任一个。e.g.:

45. It was now six and he was tired because he had worked since dawn． 已经6点了，他感到很累，因为他从天亮起一直工作到现在。相当于： It was now six and he was tired because he had been working since dawn． 那时正是6点，他因从一大早就干活而累了。 (2) 用过去完成时表示的反复的动作，有时可以作为一种连续的动作用过去完成进行时表示。e.g.: He had tried five times to get her on the phone．他曾试着打了五次电话要找她。 He had been trying to get her on the phone．他一直在试着打电话找她。 (3) 一个用过去完成时表达的单一动作和一个用过去完成进行时表达的动作不同。e.g.: By six o’clock he had repaired the engine． 到6点钟时他已经修好发动机了。（这项工作已经完成。） 但He had been repairing the engine（他一直在修理发动机）仅告诉我们他在前面的 时间做什么，而并不告诉我们这项工作是否完成。 另一个区别是，由过去完成进行时表示的动作常持续进行直到或甚至超过说话的时 间（这个时间是在过去）。而由过去完成时表示的动作虽可以发生在这一说话时间之 前不久，但动作与说话之间可以有较长的时间间隔： He had been painting the door． 他当时一直在油漆门。（油漆大概还未干。） He had painted the door． 他油漆了门。（可能是最近，也可能是一段时间之前。）

46. Section VI Funny Time Brain Twister Why is tennis so noisy？

47. 参考译文 Brain Twister Question: Why is tennis so noisy？ Answer: Each player raises a racket. 因为每个运动员都拿着球拍。 racket [ 'rækit ]  n.（网球等的）球拍；喧哗，喧闹 raise a racket大吵大闹

48. Thank You!