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The Articular System: Joints and Their Movements

Learn about the different types of joints in the articular system and their movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and more.

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The Articular System: Joints and Their Movements

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  1. Chapter 8 The Articular System Joints

  2. Introduction • Articulation: union between two or more bones • Can be mobile or immobile • Examples • skull bones • Knee or elbow joint

  3. The Classification of Joints: Structure and Function

  4. Introduction • Joints are classified into three major groups based on: • Degree of movement allowed (function) • Type of material holding bones together (structure) • 1-synarthroses • 2- Amphiarthroses • 3- Diarthroses or synovial joints

  5. Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d.)

  6. Movements at Synovial Joints

  7. Movements at Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Flexion/extension • Hyperextension: abnormal extension • Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion • Abduction/adduction • Rotation • Circumduction

  8. Movements at Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Supination/pronation • Eversion/inversion • Protraction/retraction • Opposition/reposition

  9. Flexion and extension • Flexion : The act of bending or decreasing the angle between bones. • Extension: The act of increasing the angle between bones and is the opposite of flexion.

  10. Hyperextension • Hyperextension : It increases the joint angle beyond the anatomic position.

  11. Abduction and adduction • Abduction: Is moving the bones away from the midline of the body. • Adduction: Is moving the bone toward the midline of the body.

  12. Rotation and circumduction • Rotation: Is the act of moving the bone around a central axis. • Circumduction: Is moving the bone in such a way that the end of the bone describe the circle in the air and the sides of the bone describe a cone in the air.

  13. Supination and pronation • Supination: Is moving the bones of the forearm so that the radius and ulna are in parallel. • Pronation :Is moving the bones of the forearm so that the radius and ulna are not parallel.

  14. Eversion and inversion • Eversion : Is the moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle. • Inversion: Is moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle.

  15. The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints

  16. The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Ball-and-socket • Widest range of movement • Movement can occur in all planes and directions • Shoulder • Hip

  17. The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Ball-and-socket

  18. The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Hinge • Convex surface fits into concave surface • Flexion and extension only • Knee • Elbow

  19. The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Hinge

  20. The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Pivot • Rotation in one plane • Atlas and axis (cervical spine) • Rotation of the head

  21. The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Pivot

  22. The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Condyloid (ellipsoidal) • Oval-shaped condyle fits into elliptical cavity • Motion in two planes at right angles • Radius and carpal bones

  23. The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Condyloid (ellipsoidal)

  24. The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Saddle • Motion in two planes at right angles • Permits opposition of the thumb

  25. The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Saddle

  26. The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Gliding • Gliding motion • Intervertebral joints in spine

  27. The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d.) • Gliding

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