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Understanding Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA Explained

Explore the types of nucleic acids - DNA and RNA - and their functions in encoding genetic information. Discover the composition of nucleic acids, including nucleotides and base pairs. Learn how genes dictate protein sequences.

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Understanding Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA Explained

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  1. Nucleic Acids • 2 Types • DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid • RNA- ribonucleic acid • What do they do? • Contain genetic information

  2. DNA • Exists as double helix- like a spiral staircase • Encodes cells protein sequences • Exists in our cells in compact segments called chromosomes

  3. RNA • Three different types of RNA for different purposes(will discuss in later unit) • Makes working copies of genes • Genes dictate what amino acids are needed to make a certain protein

  4. What are nucleic acids made of? • Subunits (monomers)are called nucleotides • nucleotides are made of 3 parts • 1. Phosphate group (PO4) • 2. Sugar • 3. Nitrogen Containing Base

  5. Nucleic Acid (DNA)

  6. Bases • 2 groups • Purines- larger bases • Adenine • Guanine • Pyrimidines- smaller bases • Thymine • Cytosine

  7. The Bases

  8. Bases • Adenine always pairs up with Thymine and vice versa • Guanine and Cytosine always pair together

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