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TAGA - Traffic Awareness for General Aviation *

This project evaluates the potential benefits of using a traffic presentation onboard General Aviation aircraft, including the use of Traffic Information Service-Broadcast (TIS-B) and Collision Detection and Traffic Alert (CDTI) systems. The results and conclusions indicate that a traffic presentation significantly enhances the pilot's ability to detect and identify traffic, especially at distances greater than 2.5 NM and in positions behind the aircraft. While a traffic presentation cannot replace visual scanning, it provides valuable assistance to pilots in their collision avoidance tasks.

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TAGA - Traffic Awareness for General Aviation *

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  1. TAGA Project • ATSA S&A • TIS-B • Flight Trials • Results • Conclusions TAGA - Traffic Awareness for General Aviation* Evaluation of potential benefits enabled by the use of a traffic presentationonboard of General Aviation aircraft Aug 2000 - July 2003 * co-funded project by the German State Bavarian

  2. TAGA Project • ATSA S&A • TIS-B • Flight Trials • Results • Conclusions TAGA Relation to GS/AS Package 1 • Application: Enhanced visual acquisition for see & avoid (ATSA-S&A) • ... aid for the flight crews to perform their collision avoidance task ... • ... VFR flights, mainly operating in class E and G airspace ... • ATSA-S&A OSED defines 4 procedure steps: • Traffic Detection • Visual Acquisition • Aircraft Monitoring • Collision Avoidance TAGA:Does a traffic presentation onboard of a General Aviation aircraft support the pilot in the detection and identification of traffic?

  3. TAGA Project • ATSA S&A • TIS-B • Flight Trials • Results • Conclusions Traffic Information Service- Broadcast (TIS-B) - System SSR Broadcast of TIS- B surveillance information TIS-B Ground Radar Ground Station Station SurveillanceDataProcessingSystem(SDPS) TIS-BServer

  4. TAGA Project • ATSA S&A • TIS-B • Flight Trials • Results • Conclusions Airborne Equipment CNS SystemsVDR4000 Euro Telematik CDTI2000

  5. TAGA Project • ATSA S&A • TIS-B • Flight Trials • Results • Conclusions TAGA Flight Trials Phase 2

  6. TAGA Project • ATSA S&A • TIS-B • Flight Trials • Results • Conclusions TAGA Flight Trials - General Aviation specifics VDL M4 Mob. TRX GCAS 2000 CDTI • Detection of traffic of the same airspeed category by the use of a CDTI • Detection of traffic of the same airspeed category was possible by the use of the visual traffic presentation only. • Some examples demonstrate that some aircraft had not been detected by the pilot although they were presented on the CDTI. • It is useful to enhance the visual traffic presentation by an acoustic traffic alert. • Update period of 6 seconds sufficient • Detection of traffic of a higher airspeed category by the use of a CDTI • An acoustic traffic alert is required to detect fast traffic. • Update period better than 3 seconds required

  7. front + front front right right back back left left 10-2 10-2 2-3 2-3 4-8 4-8 9-10 9-10 left right 2,5 2,5 48% 48% 18% 18% 41% 41% 29% 29% ++ %detected /with CDTI %detected /with CDTI 5 5 12% 12% 7% 7% 13% 13% 5% 5% 2,5 2,5 52% 52% 23% 23% 26% 26% 24% 24% + %detected /without CDTI %detected /without CDTI 5 5 2% 2% 9% 9% 5% 5% 0% 0% 2,5 2,5 -4% -4% -5% -5% 15% 15% 4% 4% benefit benefit rear 5 5 10% 10% -2% -2% 8% 8% 5% 5% TAGA Project • ATSA S&A • TIS-B • Flight Trials • Results • Conclusions TAGA Flight Trials - Detection Probabilities VDL M4 Mob. TRX GCAS 2000 CDTI

  8. TAGA Project • ATSA S&A • TIS-B • Flight Trials • Results • Conclusions Conclusions VDL M4 Mob. TRX GCAS 2000 CDTI General Statements • Qualitative Statements or Quantitative Tendencies could be given only. Reason: limited number of measurements • Some examples demonstrate the beneficial use of the traffic presentation during the flight trials

  9. front + left right ++ + rear TAGA Project • ATSA S&A • TIS-B • Flight Trials • Results • Conclusions Conclusions VDL M4 Mob. TRX GCAS 2000 CDTI Potential use of a traffic presentation onboard • A significant increase in the overall detection probability had been identified during the flight trials.These improvements were identified - at distances greater than 2,5 NM and - in positions behind the ownship. • Pilots feedback:- Traffic presentation provides significant assistance in the detection and identification of traffic- Update period 6 seconds was sufficient for en-route- Update periods better than 3 seconds are requested for the approach and departure phase of the flight as well as for the detection of fast moving targets • It is not possible to replace the visual scan of the surrounding airspace by the use of a traffic presentation onboard. An electronic traffic presentation can be used to support the pilot only.

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