Contents

2. Contents • Section 1—Introduction to Plumbing • Section 2—Plumbing Systems • Section 3—Plumbing System Design and Installation • Section 4—Plumbing Services • Section 5—Career Development and Plumbing History

3. Section 3 Plumbing System Design and Installation

4. Chapter 19 DWV Pipe and Fitting Installation

5. Objectives • Describe proper procedures for locating and installing DWV piping systems. • Use the prescribed techniques for working with plastic, copper, galvanized iron, black iron, and cast-iron DWV materials. • Compare and use the three methods of measuring pipe length between fittings. • Describe or demonstrate methods for testing and inspecting completed DWV systems.

6. DWV Second Rough Stage • DWV, hot and cold water pipe, and fittings. • Bathtubs and shower bases. • Maintain 1/4 slope on horizontal runs. • Accurate placement so fixtures can be installed.

7. Measuring Pipe Face-to-Face • Add fitting allowances. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

8. Measuring Pipe Shoulder-to-Shoulder • Only DWV fittings have shoulders. • No adjustments to measurement. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

9. Measuring Pipe Center-to-Center • Adjustment forlaying length. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

10. Measuring Pipe Combining Measuring Techniques • Face-to-Centerline • Add one fitting allowance. • Subtract one laying length. • Face-to-Shoulder • Add one fitting allowance. • Shoulder-to-Centerline • Subtract one laying length.

11. Overview of DWV Installation Example: • House with two bathrooms and a kitchen on the main floor, and a laundry area in the basement. • Two stacks through the roof. • Horizontal pipes from base of stacks join before the 4 pipe connects to the building sewer. • Floor drain connected to kitchen/laundry branch.

12. Main Floor Basement Overview of DWV Installation Installation Schematic Drawing (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

13. Overview of DWV Installation Horizontal Runs Below Concrete • Installing horizontal runs below a concrete floor: • String line from base of bathroom stack to building drain. • String line from laundry/kitchen stack to join 4 pipe at 45 angle. • String line from kitchen/laundry branch to floor drain. • Dig shallow trenches along string lines. • Slope 1/4 per foot of run.

14. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Stack • Kitchen/Laundry Stack • Standpipe shown above concrete floor. • P-traps installed with fixtures. • Capped stub-outs for P-traps. • Stack must offset above the foundation wall and enter wall cavity on the main floor.

15. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Stack (continued) • Kitchen/Laundry Stack (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

16. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Stack (continued) • Lower Portion of Kitchen/Laundry Stack • Mark top of the concrete floor on the foundation wall. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

17. A = 4 5/8 B = 3 5/8 Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Stack (continued) • Measurements • Measure distances A and B. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

18. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Stack (continued) • Measurements • Calculate slope for 2 6 horizontal pipe (1/4 per ft  2 1/2 = 5/8). • Concrete floor will be 4 thick. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

19. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Stack (continued) • Measurements • Calculate height of the centerline of the inlet to P-trap above concrete footing (4 + 4 5/8 = 8 5/8). • Calculate the centerline height for the sanitary tee inlet (8 5/8 5/8 = 8). • Repeat this process to locate the sanitary tee to the laundry tray.

20. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Stack (continued) • Stack and Kitchen Sink Drain • Offset at top of foundation wall (side view). • Height of sanitary tee depends on location of 90 ell in sink drain. • Horizontal pipe runs below joist. • Fall (slope) 1/4 per foot of run. Click here to view illustration.

21. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Stack (continued) • Kitchen Sink Drain • Making an offset in the sink drain. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

22. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Stack (continued) • Kitchen Sink Drain • Making an offset in the sink drain. • Measure distances “X” and “Y.” • Subtract to Obtain “Z.” • Calculate theoretical length (1.41  Z). • Subtract laying length of 90 and 45 ells to get actual length. • Cut pipe and test assembly. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

23. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Stack (continued) • Kitchen Sink Drain • Making an offset in the sink drain. • Position 90 ell so horizontal pipe can be installed below floor joist. • Measure distances A and B. • Calculate fall (B 1/4 per ft). • Add “A” and “Fall” to get distance sanitary tee must be below the floor joist. Click here to view illustration.

24. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Stack (continued) • Kitchen Sink Drain • Making an offset in the sink drain. • Hold the sanitary tee to correct distance below the floor joist and mark the vertical 2 pipe. • Add fitting allowance and cut the pipe. • Put the sanitary tee in position and measure the distance between its inlet and the 90 ell. • Add fitting allowances, measure, and cut the horizontal pipe. Click here to view illustration.

25. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Stack (continued) • Kitchen Sink Drain • Making an offset in the sink drain. • Repeat the process to make the offset in the stack. • Complete the rough-in of the sink drain and the stack. • Check local code to determine if a vent increaser is required. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

26. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Stack (continued) • Kitchen Sink Drain • Making an offset in the sink drain. • Installflashing. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

27. Overview of DWV Installation Installing Horizontal Drain/Waste Piping • Maintain fall for entire length of pipe. • Too little fallwaste will not flow. • Too much fallsolids left behind. • Excavate extra deep and use sand or small gravel fill to provide solid base for pipe.

28. Overview of DWV Installation Installing Horizontal Drain/Waste Piping (continued) • Determine how much the level’s “bubble” must be off-center to check the slope. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

29. Overview of DWV Installation Installing Horizontal Drain/Waste Piping (continued) • Lay a length of pipe in the partially dug trench and check slope with level. • Continue digging and checking until the desired slope is achieved.

30. Overview of DWV Installation Installing Horizontal Drain/Waste Piping (continued) • Alignment of Pipes That Join the Wye • Using an elbow may be necessary. • Trial assembly. • Check slope and correct as necessary. • Assemble pipe and fittings. • Fill under pipe with sand or small gravel. • Do not cover pipe until passing inspection.

31. Overview of DWV Installation Installing Horizontal Drain/Waste Piping (continued) • Joints in Drain/Waste Piping (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

32. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Bathroom Stack • Similar to kitchen and laundry stack. • Review schematic. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

33. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued) • Putting Bathtubs in Position • Plastic and enameled steel tubs fastened with screws. • Cast-iron tubs do not require fasteners. • Consider installing drain components before putting tub in final position. • One-piece molded plastic units must be installed before bathroom wall framing is completed.

34. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued) • Bathtub Installation (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

35. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued) • Installing Shower Bases • Essentially the same as bathtubs. • Drain body installation. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

36. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued) • Installing Shower Bases • Place closet flanges in position. • Blocking equal in thickness to finish floor materials. • Check distance from back wall to center of closet flange. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

37. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued) • Double Sanitary Tee Installation • Installing double sanitary tee w/side inlets that serves the water closets. • Height must provide fall for bathtub drains. • Layout on subfloor. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

38. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued) • Double Sanitary Tee Installation • Locating side inlet of double sanitary tee. Click here to view illustration.

39. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued) • Connecting the Closet Flange to the Stack (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

40. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued) • Installing 2 1/2ʺ 2ʺ  1 1/4ʺ 1 1/4ʺ double sanitary wye. • Vertical drain to lavatories controls location. • Work back from lavatory stub-outs.

41. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued) • 90 Ell and Double Sanitary Wye • Locate 2 90 ell. • Locate 2 1/2ʺ 2ʺ  1 1/2ʺ 1 1/2ʺ double wye.

42. Overview of DWV Installation Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued) • Installing 90 Ell and Double Sanitary Wye (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

43. Review List the steps in installing horizontal drain/waste piping below a concrete floor. • 1. Locate base of stacks and building sewer exit. • 2. Stretch string lines to locate trenches. • 3. Dig shallow trenches with proper slope (1/4 per foot of run). • 4. Measure and cut pipe. • 5. Trial assembly and check slope. • 6. Assemble pipe and fittings and place fill under pipe. • 7. Backfill after DWV system passes inspection.

44. Review List the steps in installing a bathroom stack. 1. Install bathtub or shower base. 2. Temporarily put closet flange in place. 3. Locate base of stack and extend vertical pipe through opening in the floor. 4. Calculate the slope to bathtub/shower and locate height of the side inlet to the sanitary tee.

45. Review (continued) 5. Position the sanitary tee and cut vertical pipe to length. 6. Trial assemble the pipe and sanitary tee. 7. Measure and cut the pipe to bathtub/shower drain. 8. Install lavatory drain maintaining the correct slope. 9. Install waste pipe and fittings to toilet maintaining correct slope.

46. Review Identify the adjustment(s) necessary for pipe measurements made using each of the following techniques: • Center-to-center: • Face-to-face: • Center-to-face: • Shoulder-to-center: Subtract laying length of two fittings. Add fitting allowance for two fittings. Subtract one laying length and add one fitting allowance. Subtract one laying length.

47. Installing DWV Plastic Pipe and Fittings Fitting allowances for plastic fittings: (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

48. Installing DWV Plastic Pipe and Fittings Laying Lengths for Plastic Fittings (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)

49. Installing DWV Plastic Pipe and Fittings Cutting Plastic Pipe • Plastic pipe cutter • Fine toothed saw • Miter box • Removing burrs • Reamer • Abrasive paper (Wheeler Mfg. Division of Rex International USA, Inc.)

50. Installing DWV Plastic Pipe and Fittings Joining Plastic Pipe • Wipe away mud or dirt. • Apply solvent cleaner. • Select correct solvent cement. (Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)