Psychodynamic Approach in Developmental Psychology

1. Psychodynamic Approach • Chapters 1, 3 and 5 Lecture 5

2. CHAPTER 5 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERSON

3. Defining Development • Continual • Orderly, Sequential, & Builds upon Itself • A Change Process • Painful Yet Growth Producing • Hopeful • Preventive and Wellness-Oriented

4. Developmentally Astute Helper • Knows: • Common Characteristics of Different Developmental Stages • Social and Personal Issues Commonly Displayed by Clients at Various Stages • Reasons Why Problems Occur • Techniques That Might Work with Clients at Specific Developmental Levels

5. Prevalent Theories: Child Development • Physical Development • Based on Genetic Predisposition in Interaction with Environment • Specialists Examine Age‑Appropriate Milestones in Such Areas as: • Height and Weight • Sensory Development • Motor Development • Secondary Sex Characteristics

6. Theories lead to practices or techniques, i.e. hypnosis in psychodynamic or mediation in humanistic or book reading in cognitive. When a bunch of people decide to practice the same techniques you have a program. Databases are made to keep track of program inputs, outputs and outcomes These skills are influenced by Theories: -Psychodynamic -Behavioral/Cognitive -Humanistic -Postmodern The foundation of Human Service Work is Interpersonal Skills Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective 1996 Fourth Editionby Allyn & Bacon by Allen E. Ivey, Mary Bradford Ivey, Lynn Simek-Morgan p.53 http://www.cmsa.org/CONFERENCES/CMSAAnnualConferenceExpo/tabid/331/Default.aspx

7. Psychodynamic Cognitive-Behavioral Humanistic Postmodern Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective 1996 Fourth Editionby Allyn & Bacon by Allen E. Ivey, Mary Bradford Ivey, Lynn Simek-Morgan p.53 http://www.cmsa.org/CONFERENCES/CMSAAnnualConferenceExpo/tabid/331/Default.aspx

8. Why Have a Theory for Human Services? • Offers Us a Comprehensive System of Doing Counseling and assists in the application of techniques • Helps Us Understand Clients, Offers Techniques, and Predicts Change • One Caution: A theory by nature is open to being proven wrong! • Hence many ongoing attempts to create better theories. • Gives a framework to test out the theoretical assumptions • Allows one to organize his or her view of human nature • Gives the practitioner a method of organizing the manner in which he or she practices

9. Watch the video & name a few Theories or lenses that they mention Chapter 2 p32-34 1st 5 minutes of Landmarks in Psychology (up to mention of hypnosis) P35 Mentions Freud We’ve come a long way….

10. Major Theoretical Orientations Four Orientations Have Dominated Psychodynamic Cognitive-Behavioral Humanistic Postmodern • We will look at this one first • assumes that our personalities are determined by early life • More Deterministic than Other Approaches • Believes That Drives Motivate Behavior and are Somewhat Unconscious

11. Types of HS Theories • Antideterministic View Has Belief in the Ability of the Individual to Change • Deterministic View Asserts That There is Little Ability for the Person to Change • Early Childhood, Biology, Genetics Determine Later Psychological Makeup • Often Adheres to Medical Model • Directive View Believes Clients Need Guidance in the Change Process • Nondirective View Has Trust in the Client's Own Ability to Make Change • Few Are Strictly Deterministic, Antideterministic, Directive, or Nondirective or Indiv or Systems • Most People Today Take On an Integrative Approach • In contrast to individualistic approaches, the "Systems" approach to counseling assumes that individuals' lives are affected by family dynamics and the impact of social conditions.

12. Hand out last week’s 4 major types of counseling

13. Major Theoretical Orientations Four Orientations Have Dominated Psychodynamic Behavioral Humanistic Cognitive • Let’s look at this one first • assumes that our personalities are determined by early life • More Deterministic than Other Approaches • Believes That Drives Motivate Behavior and are Somewhat Unconscious

14. Neukrug page 149 The Psychodynamic View Freud, Others (e.g., Kohut, Erikson, Adler, Jung) • Believes Perceptions of our Childhood and Actual Events in Combination with Our Drives Affects Our Psyche and our Later Adult Development • Purpose: To Help the Person Understand Childhood Experiences, and How, in Combination with the Individual's Drives, They Motivate the Person Sex & Aggression Freud Claimed

15. Freud Sigmund Freud http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud • Freud Developed a Complex Theory of Development Freud's couch used during psychoanalytic sessions Freud Started Using Hypnosis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud

16. Freud's "Structure of Personality” included: Id, ego, superego Superego represents the formation of morality and is influenced by the values of parents and society. “The ego is that part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world ... The ego represents what may be called reason and common sense, in contrast to the id, which contains the passions ... in its relation to the id it is like a man on horseback, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse; with this difference, that the rider tries to do so with his own strength, while the ego uses borrowed forces” [Freud, The Ego and the Id (1923)] we are all born with an “Id” an instinctual part of ourselves, which attempts to continually satisfy our needs. Unconscious by definition http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/freud.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego

17. http://www.kheper.net/topics/psychology/freuds_model.jpg

18. A Psychotherapy Counseling Session 10 min – therapist explains id ego and superego to patient http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdaGvBABgy0&feature=related

19. Neukrug page 149 • Freud's psychosexual stages of development progress as follows: Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital • genital oral anal phallic latency

20. Video Clip Landmarks in Psychology Second 12 minutes on Freud Stop at Jung- who expanded to the importance of not just our past but also our goals for the future.

21. Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective 1996 Fourth Editionby Allyn & Bacon by Allen E. Ivey, Mary Bradford Ivey, Lynn Simek-Morgan

22. The stages Irving receives erotic pleasure from having bowel movements. He is in which of Freud's stages? Age Name Pleasure source Conflict 0-2 Oral Mouth: sucking, biting, swallowing Weaning away from mother's breast 2-4 Anal Anus: defecating or retaining feces Toilet training • genital oral anal 4-5 Phallic Genitals Oedipus (boys), Electra (girls) phallic latency 6-puberty Latency Sexual urges sublimated into sports and hobbies. Same-sex friends also help avoid sexual feelings. puberty onward Genital Physical sexual changes reawaken repressed needs. Direct sexual feelings towards others lead to sexual gratification. Social rules anal http://changingminds.org/explanations/learning/freud_stage.htm

23. The stages Sylvester enjoys playing with his own genitals. He is probably in which of Freud's stages? Age Name Pleasure source Conflict 0-2 Oral Mouth: sucking, biting, swallowing Weaning away from mother's breast 2-4 Anal Anus: defecating or retaining feces Toilet training • genital oral anal 4-5 Phallic Genitals Oedipus (boys), Electra (girls) phallic latency 6-puberty Latency Sexual urges sublimated into sports and hobbies. Same-sex friends also help avoid sexual feelings. puberty onward Genital Physical sexual changes reawaken repressed needs. Direct sexual feelings towards others lead to sexual gratification. Social rules phallic http://changingminds.org/explanations/learning/freud_stage.htm

24. The stages Sylvia can't stand the thought of sitting next to a boy because she thinks boys are "yucky" and is more concerned about socializing with girls. She is most likely in which of Freud's stages? Age Name Pleasure source Conflict 0-2 Oral Mouth: sucking, biting, swallowing Weaning away from mother's breast 2-4 Anal Anus: defecating or retaining feces Toilet training • genital oral anal 4-5 Phallic Genitals Oedipus (boys), Electra (girls) phallic latency 6-puberty Latency Sexual urges sublimated into sports and hobbies. Same-sex friends also help avoid sexual feelings. puberty onward Genital Physical sexual changes reawaken repressed needs. Direct sexual feelings towards others lead to sexual gratification. Social rules latency http://changingminds.org/explanations/learning/freud_stage.htm

25. Freud (Cont’d) Defense Mechanisms Mediate Anxiety Between Id, Ego, & Superego Some Include: Repression Denial Projection Rationalization Regression

26. Wayne hates to spend money, but he constantly criticizes his wife for being too "stingy." This represents the defense mechanism of: (p. 138) a. projection. b. repression. c. rationalization. d. sublimation.

27. The stages Age Name Pleasure source Conflict 0-2 Oral Mouth: sucking, biting, swallowing Weaning away from mother's breast 2-4 Anal Anus: defecating or retaining feces Toilet training • genital oral anal 4-5 Phallic Genitals Oedipus (boys), Electra (girls) phallic latency 6-puberty Latency Sexual urges sublimated into sports and hobbies. Same-sex friends also help avoid sexual feelings. puberty onward Genital Physical sexual changes reawaken repressed needs. Direct sexual feelings towards others lead to sexual gratification. Social rules A person who gets stuck in a stage of development as described by Freud is said to be fixated repression: pushing certain memories out of our consciousness because they create too much anxiety denial: distorting reality to deny perceived threats to the person http://changingminds.org/explanations/learning/freud_stage.htm

28. Handout: Grid of developmental personality styles So where does this lead us?

29. So what might Psychodynamic counseling look like?Psychodynamic analysis of dating with dreams 5min http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oS_L8efaJ-E

30. Key Concepts of the Psychodynamic Approach Developmental Stages (Especially Freud) One May Become Fixated in a Stage Early Patterns of Behaviors Are Repeated with our Significant Others Transference

31. The Human Service Professional's Use of the Psychodynamic Approach Offers a Developmental Model to Understand the Individual Helps Us Particularly to Understand Deviant Behavior Gives Us an Understanding of the Importance of “Countertransference”

32. Handout: Sample Treatment Plan One person select a personality type from a hat. Through asking questions the rest of the class assesses which specific developmental personality style… as pointed out in therapy sample

33. Psychodynamic- Youth • Faces of Social Work: Sarah on working with teens • All steps of life are meaningful and make a difference • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEBND1QKYHs&list=PL76D8E4AF19190CA7&index=4

34. Comparison of individual and group psychoanalytic approaches 5.5 min http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=yEvJ9FTn0SA

35. Video: http://www.youtube.com/user/psychologist3 Cognitive: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LIzm4jiyvXI&feature=related