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Comparative Environmental Sustainability Analysis of Biodiesel Production Schemes

This analysis compares different biodiesel production schemes with a focus on environmental sustainability. The study utilizes Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and discusses the results, uncertainties, and areas for improvement.

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Comparative Environmental Sustainability Analysis of Biodiesel Production Schemes

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  1. Environmental Sustainability Analysis of Biodiesel Production - A Comparative Analysis of Different Production Schemes. I.T. Herrmann, Hauschild M., and Birkved M. - Technical University of Denmark, Denmark. - Section for Quantitative Sustainability Assessment. May 4, 2009

  2. Agenda • Introduction - Sustainability • Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) • LCA Model of Biodiesel • Method • Results • Discussion and Outlook

  3. 1. Introduction - Sustainability • Environmental • Economic • Social Environmental Economic Social Sustainability

  4. Materials and Components Use and Maintaining Recycle and Disposal Manufacturing 2a. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment • Build model - process tree/product chain • Inventory - Collecting data of physical quantities of input and output from each process • Impact Assessment – e.g.: • Global Warming • Acidification • Ecotoxicity, etc. • Stepwise procedure • ISO Standard – 14040 and 14044

  5. 2b. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment • Functional Unit: or * Source – Danish Technological Institute, 2006 • Person Equivalent (PE). Impact per functional unit divided with “background reference”. E.g. total greenhouse gas emissions in 1994 translated into CO2-equivalents and divided with the globalpopulation number in the same year.

  6. Seed pro. Seeds 3. LCA Model of Rape Seed Oil Biodiesel Production Machine Power Fuel Energy Fertilisers Rape seed oil Rape seed production Minerals T Chemicals Pesticide Energy Water BD T (Transportation) Minerals Waste T Coal Chemicals (Methanol and sodiummethylat) Biodiesel production Combustion with energy recovery T Natural Gas Energy Coal Natural Gas Glycerine (Avoided) T Fuel Fuel Oil Energy Diesel Oil Electricity from Grid

  7. 4. Method • Using “SimaPro” Program. • For this initial analysis we have used the “Ecoinvent” database and a few data from the our stakeholders. • For life cycle impact assessment we have used the EDIP97 method with the normalization reference year 1994.

  8. Enzym – FAME Enzym - FAEE Conv – FAME Conv - FAEE 5a. Results

  9. 5b. Results – Where does it originate from? • The overall major source contributing to the “Ecotoxicity Water Chronic” Impact Category is the Rape Seed Oil production – contributing with 2.4 PE in the conventional rape seed FAEE production. • The overall major source contributing to the “Human Toxicity Soil” Impact Category is the Rape Seed Oil production – contributing with 2.1 PE in the conventional rape seed FAEE production. • From the impact assessment results it is possible to track the impacts back to the substances in the inventory listthat contribute the most to the two Impact Categories:

  10. 6. Discussion and Outlook • Main source of difference • Data uncertainties • Uncertainties of final results • Improved model • More accurate data • Different methods

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