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Ocean Environments

Ocean Environments. Two Basic Divisions. Benthic Zone – bottom Pelagic Zone - water. Benthic Zones. 1 . Intertidal Shallowest area Between the low and high tide lines Changing environment. Periwinkle. Fingernail Limpet. Barnacle mating. Buckshot Barnacles. Gooseneck Barnacles.

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Ocean Environments

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  1. Ocean Environments

  2. Two Basic Divisions • Benthic Zone – bottom • Pelagic Zone - water

  3. Benthic Zones 1. Intertidal • Shallowest area • Between the low and high tide lines • Changing environment

  4. Periwinkle

  5. Fingernail Limpet

  6. Barnacle mating Buckshot Barnacles

  7. Gooseneck Barnacles

  8. Mussel with barnacles on it Mussels Mussel with barnacles on it

  9. Sea Urchin Sea star Sea weed Sea anemones – closed above water, open below water Chiton Seaweed

  10. Benthic Zones • 2. Sublittoral • Always underwater • On continental shelf • Most variety of benthic life • Highly oxygenated • Includes coral reefs • Lots of sunlight

  11. Sponge with brittle star Coral Sea Stars

  12. Brittle Stars Benthic Zones • Bathyal Benthic - starts at continental slope and extends to 4000 m (12,000 ft) - little or no sunlight - cold 4°C - very high pressure

  13. Crinoids (Sea Lilies)

  14. Sea cucumbers

  15. Benthic Zones Tube worms • Abyssal Benthic - No sunlight - 4000 – 6000 m (12,000- 16,000 ft) - On abyssal plain Crabs Crustaceans

  16. Benthic Zones Foraminifera • Hadal • 6000m -11,000m (18,000-33,000 ft) 7 miles Trenches • No light at all • Challenger Deep- deepest point • Very bottom of ocean floor • Just above freezing • Pressure is very high (400x more)

  17. Pelagic Zone – water area 2. Oceanic • water off of continental shelf • further divided into 5 areas based on depth • Neritic • Water area above continental shelf

  18. Oceanic zone is further divided into 5 areas based on depth

  19. Neritic Zone Life Seahorse Angel fish • Down to 660 ft. • Includes corals Bluefin Tuna Herring

  20. Plankton Phytoplankton Zooplankton

  21. Oceanic Zones • Epipelagic • Surface – 200 m.(600 ft) • Sunlight, warm, Photosynthesis • Some deserts

  22. Firefly Squid Oceanic Zones • Mesopelagic • twilight zone - some light but no photosynthesis • 200 – 2000 meters • contains thermocline (large temperature change) • low-energy tissues and sluggish lifestyles to cope with low food energy, since no algae can grow. • Many animals are bioluminescent Cuttlefish

  23. Ogrefish Deep Sea Angler Coelacanth

  24. Giant Siphonophore

  25. Bloodbelly Comb Jelly

  26. Pelagic Zones Giant Squid • Bathypelagic zone 2,000 – 4,000 meters (6,000 ft To 12,000 ft. Constant temp of 39 F High pressuire 5850 pounds per square inch Vampire Squid

  27. Pelagic Zones Snipe Eel • Abyssopelagic zone - 4000 – 6000 meters • low oxygen, nutrients and food • Dark and cold Zoarcid Fish

  28. Resources Anderson, Genny (2002). The splash zone. Retrieved August 5, 2008, from http://www.biosbcc.net/ocean/flspl.htm#top Allison, M., DeGaetano, A., & Pasachoff, J. (2006). Earth Science. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Deep Sea. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from Monteray Bay Aquarium Online Field Guide Web site: http://www.mbayaq.org/efc/living_species/default.asp?hab=9 Flach, Author's first name initialEls, & Heip, Carlo (1996). Vertical distribution of macrozoobenthos within the sediment on the continental slope of the Globan spur area. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 141, 55-66. Monsters of the Deep Sea. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from Sea and Sky Web site: http://www.seasky.org/deep-sea/creatures-menu.html Rager, Nicolle (2004). Sea Vent Viewer. Retrieved August 7, 2008, from Natinal Science Foundation Web site: http://www.nsf.gov/news/overviews/earth-environ/interact01.jsp Roach, John (2005, Feb. 3). Life Is Found Thriving at Ocean's Deepest Point. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from National Geographic News Web site: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/02/0203_050203_deepest.html Yancey, Paul (2008). Deep Sea Biology. Retrieved August 7, 2008, Web site: http://people.whitman.edu/~yancey/deepsea.html Viau, Elizabeth A. (2003). The littoral zone. Retrieved August 5, 2008, from World Builders Web site: http://curriculum.calstatela.edu/courses/builders/lessons/less/les5/littoral.html

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