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RECAP: MARXISM

RECAP: MARXISM. All history was about CLASS STRUGGLES The last struggle would be a VIOLENT REVOLUTION After revolution everyone would share the wealth and workers would own the means of production SOCIALISM

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RECAP: MARXISM

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  1. RECAP: MARXISM All history was about CLASS STRUGGLES The last struggle would be a VIOLENT REVOLUTION After revolution everyone would share the wealth and workers would own the means of production SOCIALISM Eventually the system would develop into a classless society with everyone paid according to their needs COMMUNISM

  2. IMPERIAL RUSSIA 1900’s HANDOUT IMAGE OF TSAR AUTOCRACY: system of government by one person with absolute power

  3. THE TSAR: FULL TITLE! “Nicholas the Second, by the grace of God, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, of Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod, Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan, King of Poland, Tsar of Siberia, Tsar of Tauric Chersonesos, Tsar of Georgia, Lord of Pskov, and Grand Duke of Smolensk, Lithuania, Volhynia, Podolia, and Finland, Prince of Estonia, Livonia, Courland and Semigalia, Samogitia, Białystok, Karelia, Tver, Yugra, Perm, Vyatka, Bulgaria, and other territories; Lord and Grand Duke of Nizhny Novgorod, Chernigov; Ruler of Ryazan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Beloozero, Udoria, Obdoria, Kondia, Vitebsk, Mstislav, and all northern territories; Ruler of Iveria, Kartalinia, and the Kabardinian lands and Armenian territories; hereditary Ruler and Lord of the Cherkess and Mountain Princes and others; Lord of Turkestan, Heir of Norway, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Oldenburg, and so forth, and so forth, and so forth."

  4. THE TSAR What is going to happen to me and all of Russia? I am not prepared to be a Tsar. I never wanted to become one. I know nothing of the business of ruling.” “ “I will preserve the principle of Autocracy as firmly and unflinchingly as my late father.” Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias Brainstorm summary using text p.4/p.70 Handout

  5. INSTITUTIONS Autocratic Government Corrupt Bureaucracy Reactionary Church Oppressive Army

  6. SUMMARY: POLITICS • No Parliament • Tsar’s Secret Police: Okhrana • Censorship • Repression of political opposition • Disgruntled Intelligentsia • Growth of underground revolutionary and reformist parties

  7. MAIN POLITICAL GROUPS: CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRATS

  8. MAIN POLITICAL GROUPS: SOCIAL REVOLUTIONARIES

  9. MAIN POLITICAL GROUPS: SOCIAL DEMOCRATS

  10. ECONOMY & SOCIETY • Backwards Agriculture • Low productivity • Inefficient • Slow to mechanise • Population Explosion • 73 million in 1816 • 170 million in 1914 • By 1900 averaging population growth of 3.25million per year! • 2 doctors per 10000 people

  11. ECONOMY & SOCIETY • Backwards Agriculture • Low productivity • Inefficient • Slow to mechanise • 80% Peasant Population • Centuries of oppression • 1861 Serfdom abolished but peasants had to pay redemption payments to the government • Heavily taxed • Some start revolting 1900s wanting land ownership

  12. ECONOMY & SOCIETY • Limited Industrial Growth • Growth of urban working class ‘proletariat’ • St. Petersburg grew from 1 to 2 million (1890-1910), similar in Moscow • Survey in 1904 found 16 people to 1 apartment, 6 per room in St. Petersburg • Poor working conditions in cities: unsanitary and dangerous • 11-12 hour days, 6 days a week

  13. WRITING PARAGRAPHS One idea = one paragraph Statement (a main point, links to topic) Examples (facts) Explanation (of example, linking to topic/statement)

  14. DESCRIBE RUSSIAN SOCIETY IN 1900 • Keywords =? • Society = ? • Paragraph? Or Paragraphs?

  15. EXAMPLES OF STATEMENTS Russian politics in 1900 was dominated by the autocratic rule of the Tsar Russian society in 1900 was made up of predominately poor peasants The Russian economy was backward compared with other world powers in 1900 See pp.6-9 of Russia in Rev text ADD examples

  16. WHERE ARE YOU AT? Go ahead and WRITE YOUR 3 PARAGRAPHS Have a GO at ONE PARAGRAPH and then GET IT CHECKED for feedback Have a GO at WRITING ONE with ME

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