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Bombardment

Bombardment. Lesson Objectives: Describe what is meant by a thermal neutron Write nuclear equations involving neutrons Explain the two ways in which radiopharmaceuticals can be made . Cyclotron. Magnetic field created. D electrodes (or ‘dees’). Radioactive source releases protons.

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Bombardment

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  1. Bombardment Lesson Objectives: • Describe what is meant by a thermal neutron • Write nuclear equations involving neutrons • Explain the two ways in which radiopharmaceuticals can be made

  2. Cyclotron Magnetic field created D electrodes (or ‘dees’) Radioactive source releases protons

  3. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT)

  4. alpha bombard cyclotron fluorine-18lithium neutrons PET positronsproton tumouralpha bombard cyclotron fluorine-18lithium neutrons PET positronsproton tumour Radioisotopes used in __________ scanners can be produced by __________ bombardment. Protons can be accelerated in a __________ so they have high speeds and energy. They hit stable atoms producing radioactive isotopes such as __________. These isotopes can be used in PET because they emit __________. Thermal __________ are slow, low energy neutrons. In boron neutron capture therapy thermal neutrons are used to __________ boron inside __________ cells. The boron captures the neutron then splits up into __________ and an __________ particle which destroy the tumour cells.

  5. Ethical Issues • In your groups read text A, B and C. • Discuss how you would answer the questions given. • Be ready to feedback to the class.

  6. Annihilation • Describe what happens in the process of annihilation • Apply the law of the conservation of mass/energy Starter: Can you write a nuclear equation to show annihilation?

  7. Process of Annihilation

  8. Positron annihilation • Annihilation gives • 2 gamma rays • 180 degrees apart • Position of source • Gamma rays are detected by PET scanner e+ e-

  9. Law of conservation of energy states that: Energy CANNOT be DESTROYED or CREATED, ONLY TRANSFERRED from one type into another. • Therefore total energy before and after collision must be the same.

  10. Calculating the Energy Produced • Mass of an electron = 9.11 x 10-31kg • E = mc2 Mass of electron and positron are the same. • Total energy at the start ( E = mc2) = 9.11 x 10-31 x (3 x 108)2 x 2 = 1.64 x 10-13J • So energy of gamma rays = 1.64 x 10-13J • As there are two gammas rays produced, each ray has an energy of 8.2 x 10-14J

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