PLANTS! PLANTS! PLANTS!

1. PLANTS! PLANTS! PLANTS!

2. How It’s Made Transport Plant Food Flower “Babies” Signals and Hormones 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 600 600 600 600 600 700 700 700 700 700 800 800 800 800 800 900 900 900 900 900 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

3. 100 A tiny extension of a root epidermal cell, growing just behind the root tip and increasing surface area for absorption of water and minerals. What is a root hair Continue

4. 200 A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant. What is a stoma Continue

5. 300 A flowering plant that completes its entire life cycle in a single year or growing season. What is an annual Continue

6. 400 Wood consists of secondary ______. What is xylem Continue

7. 500 A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent drying out of terrestrial plants. What is a cuticle Continue

8. 600 A petiole What is the “stalk” of a leaf Continue

9. 700 A vessel element would likely lose its protoplast in this area of growth in a root What is the zone of maturation Continue

10. 800 Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length. What is an apical meristem Continue

11. 900 This “type” of plant cell carries on most of the plant’s metabolic function, such as photosynthesis and storage; they have large vacuoles and lack secondary walls. What is parenchyma Continue

12. 1000 For primary growth of roots to occur, this “region of growth” includes cells that lengthen to many times their original size to push the root tip through the soil. What is the zone of elongation Continue

13. 100 Phloem sap flows from a sugar _______, where it is produced by photosynthesis or broken down from starch, to a sugar _______, an organ that consumes or stores the sugar. What is the source, sink Continue

14. 200 A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell, separating the cytosol from the vacuolar contents, called cell sap; also known as the vacuolar membrane. What is a tonoplast Continue

15. 300 The focus of Lab 9; the evaporative loss of water from a plant. What is transpiration Continue

16. 400 A walled cell of a plant becomes very firm or ______________ if it has a greater solute concentration than its surroundings, resulting in entry of water. What is turgid Continue

17. 500 A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane via osmosis. What is a aquaporin Continue

18. 600 A category of plants that have adapted to an arid climate. What are xerophytes Continue

19. 700 The productivity of a crop declines when leaves begin to wilt mainly because of “this” What is stomata close, preventing CO2 from entering the leaf. Continue

20. 800 The transpirational flow of xylem sap is transmitted from leaves to root tips because 1)water is attracted to itself and 2)water is attracted to the hydrophilic walls of the narrow xylem elements. These 2 processes are known as: What is cohesion; adhesion Continue

21. 900 Water potential is found by use of this calculation: What is Water potential = solute potential + pressure potential Continue

22. 1000 Root pressure may cause this; water droplets come out of the leaves when more water is forced up the xylem than is transpired by the plant. What is guttation Continue

23. 100 The most common form of human malnutrition is _________deficiency. To combat this problem, agricultural researchers have been developing enriched corn, wheat, rice. What is protein Continue

24. 200 The most fertile of all soils, made up of roughly equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay What is loam Continue

25. 300 The alternation of planting a nonlegume one year and a legume the next year to restore concentration of fixed nitrogen in the soil. What is crop rotation Continue

26. 400 This is an example of a “macromolecule” that the macronutrient, PHOSPHORUS, is a necessary component of. What are nucleic acids, phospholipids and even ATP and some coenzymes. Continue

27. 500 Phytoremediation is a nondestructive technology that cheaply reclaims contaminated areas by using some plant species to extract “these substances” from the soil and concentrating them in easily harvested portions of the plant What are heavy metals or pollutants Continue

28. 600 Most of the mass of organic material of a plant comes from this molecule. What is carbon dioxide Continue

29. 700 This is the main reason why leaves of plants grown without humus were yellowish compared with those of the plants grown in humus-enriched soil. What is: the humus contained minerals such as magnesium and iron, needed for the synthesis of chlorophyll. Continue

30. 800 Most micronutrients function in “this” way. What is as cofactors for enzymes Continue

31. 900 This is an enzyme complex, unique to certain prokaryotes, that reduces N2 to NH3. What is nitrogenase Continue

32. 1000 A plant that nourishes itself but grows on the surface of another plant for support, usually on the branches or trunks of tropical trees. What is an epiphyte Continue

33. 100 A mature ovary of a flower that protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal. What is a fruit Continue

34. 200 The modified leaves that are often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators What are petals Continue

35. 300 An incomplete flower lacks one or more of the four basic floral organs. List three of the four “organs”. What are sepals, petals, stamens, or carpels Continue

36. 400 In flowers, this is the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop. What is the ovary Continue

37. 500 This condition is needed by almost all seeds to break dormancy? What is inbibition Continue

38. 600 A plant that has small, green petals is most likely to be pollinated by ______________________. What is the wind Continue

39. 700 An individual plant or animal is said to be _____________if its genome contains a gene introduced from another organism What is transgenic Continue

40. 800 This angiosperm mechanism occurs when two sperm cells unite with two cells in the embryo sac to form the zygote and endosperm. What is double fertilization Continue

41. 900 ____ is to male gametophyte as _____ is to female gametophyte. What are pollen grain; embryo sac Continue

42. 1000 This is the reason why development of Bt crops to raises concerns What is: if Bt toxin genes "escape" to related weed species, the hybrid weeds could have harmful ecological effects. Continue

43. 100 This hormone, also known as ABA, slows down plant growth by hindering the actions of growth hormones. What is abscisic acid Continue

44. 200 Certain plants can only flower when the day length is “longer” than a certain number of hours. These plants are called ____________ plants. What is long-day Continue

45. 300 Growth of a plant shoot toward or away from light What is phototropism Continue

46. 400 Ethylene is almost always associated with the programmed cell death of cells or organs. This cell death is also known as _______________ What is apoptosis Continue

47. 500 This is the category of hormones that stimulates elongation of coleoptiles. What are auxins. Continue

48. 600 An example of etiolation is the growth pattern of a sprouting potato shoot breaking ground. Etiolation lacks adequate _________. What is sunlight Continue

49. 700 A plant produces _________ in response to severe heat stress which help reduce protein denaturation. What are heat shock proteins Continue

50. 800 Buds and sprouts often form on tree stumps. These types of hormones stimulate their formation? What are cytokinins Continue