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Trends in Precision Soil Testing and Nitrate Variability in Canadian Fields

This study examines the use of zone or grid soil sampling compared to whole field composite sampling in precision soil testing. It analyzes the average soil nitrate levels following various crops in different regions of Canada from 1986 to 2013, as well as the variability between fields. The study also evaluates the levels of other nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, zinc, sulfur, organic matter, chloride, copper, and boron, as well as soil pH.

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Trends in Precision Soil Testing and Nitrate Variability in Canadian Fields

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  1. Trend for Precision Soil Testing% Zone or Grid Samples Tested compared to Total Samples

  2. AGVISE Laboratories%Zone or Grid Samples Tested Compared to Conventional Whole Field Composite Samples in 2013

  3. AGVISE Laboratories%Zone or Grid Samples – Northwood laboratory1997 - 2013 % Grid or Zone Samples Tested Compared To Conventional Whole Field Composite Samples Tested

  4. Average Soil Nitrate following Wheat in 2013 MB Fall 2013 Samples 31 (lb/a 0-24” samples) 47 40 52 24 42 38 54 23 32 28 35 30 ND 40 30 33 29 35 40 37 MN 39 44 SD 51 61

  5. Average Change in Soil Nitrate From 2012 MB (Wheat fields tested in the fall) -13 (lb/a 0-24” samples) -1 -3 -13 -14 -22 -3 +10 -10 -15 -19 -9 -14 ND -10 -21 -10 -19 -15 -2 -20 MN -11 -23 SD +12 +20

  6. Drought Average Soil Nitrate Following “WHEAT” in Canada 1986-2013 107 96 81 68 64 59 58 56 Nitrate-N (0-24”) lb/a 52 50 50 50 50 49 49 47 46 42 42 41 40 40 39 39 38 35 34 34 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 2013

  7. Soil Nitrate Variability Between Fields Following “Wheat” in Canada - 2013

  8. Average Soil Nitrate following Canola in 2013 MB Fall 2013 Samples 33 (lb/a 0-24” samples) 34 40 49 23 44 35 56 34 26 33 ND 27 21 MN SD

  9. Average Soil Nitrate change from 2012 Following Canola MB (lb/a 0-24” samples) -10 -29 -13 -23 -25 -30 -15 -19 -11 -21 -8 ND -14 -27 MN SD

  10. Soil Nitrate Variability Between Fields Following “Canola” in Canada – 2013

  11. Average Soil Nitrate Following “Canola” in Canada 1988-2013 82 75 60 60 58 57 57 54 53 51 49 45 44 44 43 Nitrate-N (0-24”) lb/a 40 40 39 37 36 36 35 34 32 32 29 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 2013

  12. Soil Nitrate Variability Between Fields Following “Barley” in Canada - 2013

  13. Average Soil Nitrate Following “BARLEY in Canada 1986-2013 81 70 66 64 64 60 58 58 58 55 54 53 50 50 49 49 47 Nitrate-N (0-24”) lb/a 46 45 45 44 43 39 38 37 37 36 35 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 2013

  14. Soil Nitrate Variability Between Fields Following “Flax” in Canada - 2013

  15. Average Soil Nitrate Following “FLAX in Canada 1988-2013 89 87 64 60 58 56 55 Nitrate-N (0-24”) 51 48 47 45 42 42 40 39 38 38 37 38 34 34 32 31 29 28 24 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 2013

  16. Soil Nitrate Variability Between Fields Following “Potato” in Canada - 2013

  17. Average Soil Nitrate Following “POTATO” in Canada 1988-2013 106 96 93 92 81 81 79 74 73 72 72 70 69 68 67 Nitrate-N (0-24”) 62 61 55 54 54 51 50 50 46 34 39 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 2013

  18. Average Soil Nitrate following Corn in 2013 Fall 2013 samples MB (lb/a 0-24” samples) 49 45 92 41 57 36 44 ND 57 26 43 39 40 62 20 MN 61 54 SD 69 58 40 80

  19. Soil Nitrate Variability Between Fields Following “Corn” in Canada - 2013

  20. Average Soil Nitrate Following “CORN in Canada 1988-2013 117 106 96 93 90 85 85 84 80 77 Nitrate-N (0-24”) 71 65 64 65 64 63 60 59 58 56 55 54 54 54 45 42 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 2013

  21. Soil Nitrate Variability Between Fields Following “Soybean” in Canada 2013

  22. Average Soil Nitrate Following “Soybeans” in Canada 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 607 827 865 1350 1579 2027 # of Fields Tested

  23. % Soil Samples with Phosphorus less than 10 ppm Fall 2013 samples MB 40% (0-6” samples) 40% (Olsen P test) 47% 66% 21% 71% 30% 20% 37% 77% 71% 76% 53% 63% 71% ND 49% 60% 55% 53% 66% 32% 55% MN 41% 51% 37% SD 22% 36% 47% 31% 34%

  24. % Soil Samples with Potassium less than 150 ppm MB Fall 2013 samples 33% 11% (0-6” samples) 34% 32% 31% 12% 16% 25% 16% 5% 3% 2% 13% 73% 33% ND 5% 18% 39% 7% 42% 5% 45% 1% 4% 21% MN 28% SD 38% 1% 4% 16% 29%

  25. % Soil Samples with Zinc less than 1.0 ppm MB Fall 2013 samples 35% 63% (0-6” samples) 39% 74% 31% 74% 48% 32% 34% 75% 85% 83% 50% 69% 46% ND 57% 70% 29% 85% 57% 64% 16% 83% 47% MN 58% 36% SD 28% 66% 45% 34% 32%

  26. % Soil Samples with Sulfur less than 15 lb/a MB Fall 2013 samples 10% 14% (0-6” samples) 11% 12% 8% 23% 32% 16% 15% 59% 20% 28% 14% 44% 22% ND 41% 52% 20% 43% 37% 61% 72% 49% MN 66% 30% 64% SD 79% 88% 63% 33% 51%

  27. % Soil Samples with %OM less than 3.0% MB Fall 2013 Samples 9% 6% (0-6” samples) 18% 16% 36% 24% 34% 14% 25% 60% 29% 39% 20% 19% 36% ND 23% 58% 28% 23% 24% 33% 29% 48% MN 26% 12% 11% SD 19% 29% 4% 25% 15%

  28. % Soil Samples with Chloride less than 40 lb/a MB Fall 2013 Samples 44% (0-24” samples) 52% 44% 69% 26% 76% 47% 36% 32% 92% 59% 75% 45% 26% 66% ND 72% 85% 58% 61% 90% 86% 82% 53% MN 75% 88% SD 66% 73% 84%

  29. % Soil Samples with Copper less than 0.5 ppm MB Fall 2013 samples 16% 7% (0-6” samples) 29% 19% 35% 30% 15% 16% 19% 5% 17% 3% 14% 37% 42% ND 8% 38% 11% 20% 20% 10% 25% 21% 6% MN 6% 3 SD 1% 1% 5% 0%

  30. % Soil Samples with Boron less than 0.4 ppm MB Fall 2013 samples 1% (0-6” samples) 0% 1% 0% 4% 2% 8% 13% 1% 8% 4% 9% 10% 36% 5% ND 4% 24% 28% 81% 4% 20% 50% 22% 18% 11% MN 17% SD 14% 29% 9% 15% 10%

  31. % Soil Samples with Soil pH greater than 7.3 MB Fall 2013 samples 68% 94% (0-6” samples) 81% 75% 93% 71% 51% 81% 75% 63% 73% 55% 78% 61% 97% ND 37% 52% 68% 52% 82% 34% 41% 14% 24% MN 38% 55% SD 17% 28% 24% 23% 27%

  32. % Soil Samples with Soil pH less than 6.0 MB Fall 2013 samples 4% 0% (0-6” samples) 1% 6% 1% 1% 33% 1% 2% 3% 1% 5% 3% 8% 1% ND 11% 17% 3% 9% 3% 11% 41% 27% 14% MN 25% 11% 17% SD 31% 36% 13% 10% 20%

  33. % Soil Samples with Carbonate greater than 5.0% MB Fall 2013 samples 27% (0-6” samples) 51% 31% 45% 24% 8% 13% 44% 10% 9% 5% 7% 23% 30% 3% ND 6% 3% 10% 24% 17% 11% 1% 1% MN 8% 27% SD 9% 1% 11% 4% 10%

  34. % Soil Samples with Salts greater than 1.0 MB Fall 2013 Samples 9% 10% (0-6” samples) 15% 16% 15% 5% 4% 8% 11% 1% 13% 5% 30% 15% 5% ND 8% 3% 11% 1% 19% 10% 2% 2% 17% MN 8% 3% SD 0% 1% 6% 11% 2%

  35. Manitoba - % Samples Testing with Salts greater than 1.0 582 NE ND R0G R0K 1:1 salt method – expressed as mmhos/cm

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