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Arch of Constantine

AD 312-315. Arch of Constantine. Paul Artus p.104 Workbook p. 92. But first...a list of Emperors. Trajanic Dynasty Nerva AD96-98 Trajan AD98-117 Hadrian AD117-138 Antonine Dynasty Antoninus Pius AD138-161 Marcus Aurelius AD161- 180 Lucis Verus AD161-169 Commodus AD177-192

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Arch of Constantine

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  1. AD 312-315 Arch of Constantine Paul Artus p.104 Workbook p. 92

  2. But first...a list of Emperors Trajanic Dynasty • Nerva AD96-98 • Trajan AD98-117 • Hadrian AD117-138 Antonine Dynasty • Antoninus Pius AD138-161 • Marcus Aurelius AD161- 180 • Lucis Verus AD161-169 • Commodus AD177-192 Severan dynasty • (11 emperors) Emperors during the height of crisis AD 235-268 • Philip the Arabian • Many others (constant change) • Constantine AD 337-307 Julio-Claudian dynasty • Augustus 27BC- AD14 • Tiberius AD14 - 37 • Caligula AD37 – 41 • Claudius AD 41- 54 • Nero AD54- 68 Year of 4 emperors (AD 68 –AD69) • Galba • Otho • Vitellius Flavian Dynasty • Vespasian AD69-79 • Titus AD79-81 • Domitian AD 81-96

  3. Usurper – person who tries to steal your job (as emperor) without authority to • Decursio – emperor riding into battle • Adventus Augusti – triumphal return of Emperor into Rome • Oratio – The Emperor speaking to the Roman people • Donatio – the gift of money, given to the people from the Emperor’s own purse Vocab list for The Arch Of Constantine Hippo and arch!?!

  4. Work books p. 92, Paul Artus p. 103 • Location: West side of the Colosseum, in Rome • Architectural type: arch • Dates of Construction: AD 312-315 • Inscription: The centre of the attic on the north and south sides is a long inscription that proclaims that the Arch was dedicated to Constantine by the Senate and people of Rome on the occasion of his victory over a ‘usurper/tyrant’ (referring to Constantine defeating the Emperor Maxentius at the battle of the Milvian bridge, Italy in AD312) • Dimensions: Height 21m, width 25.7m, depth 7.4m Central archway – height 11.5m, width 6.5m Side archways – height 7.4 m, width 3.36m

  5. On p.92, annotate the sculptural features of this building Projecting plinths (with men ‘Dacians’ on them) Inscription on attic Corinthian capitals with Fluted columns entablature Each column has a pilaster behind it. Columns are freestanding roundels The spandrels of the main arch begin at the height of the small arches 2 small vaulted arches flank central archway Bases of columns are engaged Projecting Pedestal

  6. facts • The arch is the same size and shape of the arch of Septimius Severus • It is the last triumphal arch built in Rome • Constantine rejected traditional Roman religion in favour of Christianity (he died a baptised christian) • Built while Constantine was still alive (different to arch of Titus) • It is also different to the Arch of Titus in that it has 3 arches and is more elaborate and detailed. • Constantine ruled as emperor for ten years, this was impressive as most did not last very long • The monument is ‘architecturally harmonious’ (balanced)

  7. On a piece of paper in your notes, write ‘Decoration’ • The sculptured decoration is the main feature of the building, most of it is not contemporary (from the same time) with the arch but sourced from earlier (2nd cent) imperial monuments from Constantine’s predecessors > taken from other Emperor’s monuments & put on to his. • The bases of the pedestals are decorated with standing relief figures carved on 3 sides (ie. East, west, north) • This is a piece of Imperial Propaganda, as each piece which is sourced from a different monument still carries the same message – the emperor’s virtue, his military power and his support of the traditional values loved by Romans. (all ideas from past imperial propaganda, still relevant for Constantine)

  8. Trajan Parts taken from the emperor Trajan: Brown

  9. Stone figures on the projecting plinth along the attic are Dacian captives. They are Foreign (barbarian)- long trousers, shaggy beard, felt caps. These were taken from TRAJAN’s forum. (AD107-113.) There are 8 Statues. Hands and heads Have been Restored. Links back to Success over Foreign enemies. & says Constantine Is a great general Like Trajan

  10. ‘Great Trajanic frieze’ (AD110 -117), • 4 large panels • it once formed a continuous narrative battle frieze • It records Trajan’s war & victory over the Dacians • On Constantine’s arch it is divided into panels • 2 on inner side of central arch • 2 on east/west side of arch ‘decursio’ (emperor riding into battle) at the head of the army while the Enemy fall beneath His horses hooves. ‘Adventus Augusti’ The triumphal Emperor returning to Rome. – Trajan stands, About to be crowned with laurel wreath by the goddess of victory Head of these has been recarved to resemble the head of Constantine!

  11. Parts taken from the emperor MARCUS AURELIUS Yellow

  12. Attic is decorated with 8 rectangular reliefs, between the Dacian captives Commemorate Marcus Aurelius Victory in Germany & Eastern Europe. 4 on Each side.

  13. The panels on one side are the Emperor Entering Rome. Leaving the city. Then, Distributing money,& surrender of Barbarian chiefs.

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