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CS 101 / 101-E

CS 101 / 101-E. Aaron Bloomfield Chapter 1: Hardware. What is a computer?. Not a rhetorical question!

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CS 101 / 101-E

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  1. CS 101 / 101-E Aaron Bloomfield Chapter 1: Hardware

  2. What is a computer? • Not a rhetorical question! • “A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information” • From American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition • By definition, a (properly functioning) computer will always produce the SAME output given the same input

  3. The first computers • Scales – computed relative weight of two items • Computed if the first item’s weight was less than, equal to, or greater than the second item’s weight • Abacus – performed mathematical computations • Primarily thought of as Chinese, but also Japanese, Mayan, Russian, and Roman versions • Can do square roots and cube roots

  4. Computer Size ENIAC then… ENIAC today…

  5. Computer Organization Memory Output Devices Input Devices Central Processing Unit

  6. Computer Organization • Computer advertisement specification • Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache • 512MB DDR SDRAM • 200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time) • 17” LCD Monitor • 64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card® • 16x Max DVD-ROM Drive • 48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive • 56K PCI Telephony Modem • Windows XP Home Edition® • 10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card

  7. Computer Organization • Computer advertisement specification • Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache • 512MB DDR SDRAM • 200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time) • 17” LCD Monitor • 64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card® • 16x Max DVD-ROM Drive • 48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive • 56K PCI Telephony Modem • Windows XP Home Edition® • 10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card 3.06 billion operationsper second

  8. Computer Organization • Computer advertisement specification • Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache • 512MB DDR SDRAM • 200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time) • 17” LCD Monitor • 64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card® • 16x Max DVD-ROM Drive • 48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive • 56K PCI Telephony Modem • Windows XP Home Edition® • 10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card 512 million bytes of memory that can betransferred at doublethe normal rate A byte is 8 bits A bit is a 0 or a 1

  9. Computer Organization • Computer advertisement specification • Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache • 512MB DDR SDRAM • 200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time) • 17” LCD Monitor • 64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card® • 16x Max DVD-ROM Drive • 48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive • 56K PCI Telephony Modem • Windows XP Home Edition® • 10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card Stores 200 billionbytes of data. You want high RPM andlow seek time.0.009 seconds isaverage

  10. Computer Organization • Computer advertisement specification • Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache • 512MB DDR SDRAM • 200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time) • 17” LCD Monitor • 64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card® • 16x Max DVD-ROM Drive • 48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive • 56K PCI Telephony Modem • Windows XP Home Edition® • 10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card 17” on the diagonal.Resolution up to1,280 by 1,024pixels

  11. Computer Organization • Computer advertisement specification • Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache • 512MB DDR SDRAM • 200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time) • 17” LCD Monitor • 64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card® • 16x Max DVD-ROM Drive • 48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive • 56K PCI Telephony Modem • Windows XP Home Edition® • 10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card Microprocessor fordisplaying images with64 million bytes ofmemory. More memorysupports more colorsand higher resolution

  12. Computer Organization • Computer advertisement specification • Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache • 512MB DDR SDRAM • 200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time) • 17” LCD Monitor • 64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card® • 16x Max DVD-ROM Drive • 48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive • 56K PCI Telephony Modem • Windows XP Home Edition® • 10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card Reads DVDs 16 timesfaster than a basic DVDdrive. Can hold up to8 billion bytes of data

  13. Computer Organization • Computer advertisement specification • Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache • 512MB DDR SDRAM • 200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time) • 17” LCD Monitor • 64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card® • 16x Max DVD-ROM Drive • 48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive • 56K PCI Telephony Modem • Windows XP Home Edition® • 10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card Can read and writeCDs. Can hold 650million bytes of dataReads at 48 timesfaster and writes24 times faster thana basic drive

  14. Computer Organization • Computer advertisement specification • Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache • 512MB DDR SDRAM • 200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time) • 17” LCD Monitor • 64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card® • 16x Max DVD-ROM Drive • 48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive • 56K PCI Telephony Modem • Windows XP Home Edition® • 10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card Can send or receiveup to 56 thousandbits per second

  15. Computer Organization • Computer advertisement specification • Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache • 512MB DDR SDRAM • 200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time) • 17” LCD Monitor • 64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card® • 16x Max DVD-ROM Drive • 48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive • 56K PCI Telephony Modem • Windows XP Home Edition® • 10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card Computer operatingsystem using agraphical interface

  16. Computer Organization • Computer advertisement specification • Intel® Pentium 4 Processorat 3.06GHz with 512K cache • 512MB DDR SDRAM • 200GB ATA-100 Hard Drive(7200 RPM, 9.0 ms seek time) • 17” LCD Monitor • 64MB NVIDIA GeForce4MX Graphics Card® • 16x Max DVD-ROM Drive • 48x/24x/48x CD-RW Drive • 56K PCI Telephony Modem • Windows XP Home Edition® • 10/100 Fast Ethernet Network Card Can send or receivedata at two rates – 10 or 100 million bytesper second

  17. Home network

  18. Backbones

  19. Network communication • Communication protocol • Set of rules that govern how data is sent and received • TCP/IP • Exchanging packets of information over the Internet • FTP • Exchanging files between computes • SMTP • Exchanging email over the Internet • POP • Exchanging email between mail reader and the ISP • HTTP • Exchanging files over the WWW • SSL • How information is to be encrypted

  20. First Programming Languages • Ada Lovelace (1833) • Programmed of Babbage’s analytical engine • ENIAC (1945) • Programmed by plugging wires • Binary • 10010001010100101010101) • Assembly • FORTRAN (1954)

  21. Java Lineage • C (1972) by Dennis Ritchie • C++ (1985) by Bjarne Stroustrup • Java (1991) by James Gosling and others at Sun Microsystems

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