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SATHIK ALI - IICT FOR TRAINING IN HARDWARE AND NETWORKING PLEASE VISIT : https://traininginchrompet.com/training/ccnp-training/hardware-and-networking-training-in-chennai
Computer • Computers are machines that perform tasks or calculations according to a set of instructions, or programs. The first fully electronic computers, introduced in the 1940s, were huge machines that required teams of people to operate. • Compared to those early machines, today's computers are amazing. Not only are they thousands of times faster, they can fit on your desk, on your lap, or even in your pocket.
What is a Computer? • Computer is a electronic digital data processing device which process the data at very high speed and also stores the data for future use. • Almost all other electronic devices handles single task • Computer is simply all in one electronic data processing device
PCHW • Classifications of Computers • Super Computer • Mainframe Computer • Mini Computer • Micro Computer
Indian SupercomputersCenter for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)
PCHW • Types of Micro Computer • Desktop Computers • Laptop Computers • Notebook Computers • Palm Computers • PDA
PCHW • Classifications of PC’s • PC • PC – XT • PC – AT • PC - ATX
PCHW • PC Hardware & Software • Hardware - Study of physical parts & components of a computer • Software - Software is collection of programs, instructions arranged in a sequential manner to carry out some specified tasks.
Hardware • Computers work through an interaction of hardware and software. Hardware refers to the parts of a computer that you can see and touch, including the case and everything inside it. • The most important piece of hardware is a tiny rectangular chip inside your computer called the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor. It's the "brain" of your computer—the part that translates instructions and performs calculations. • Hardware items such as your monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, and other components are often called hardware devices, or devices.
Languages Used in Computers • Machine Level Languages – MLL • Assembly Language – Assembler • High Level Language – HLL • Interpreter • Complier
Number systems used in Computer • Binary Number Systems • Octal Number Systems • Hexa - decimal Number Systems • BCD - Binary Coded Decimal • ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange • EBCDIC – Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
Bit Calculation 1 is 1 bit 0 is 1 bit 4 bits = 1 nibble8 bits = 1 byte1024 bytes = 1 kilobyte 1024 kilobytes = 1 megabyte 1024 megabytes = 1 gigabyte 1024 gigabytes = 1 terabyte 1024 terabytes = 1 petabyte 1024 petabytes = 1 exabyte1024 exabytes = 1 zettabyte 1024 zettabytes = 1 yottabyte
System Board OR Mother Board
A motherboard is a multi-layered printed circuit board. Copper circuit paths called tracks that resemble a complicated roadmap carry signals and voltages across the motherboard. • A typical motherboard provides attachment points for one or more of the following: CPU, graphics card, sound card, hard disk controller, memory (RAM), and external peripheral devices. • It contains the chipset, which controls the operation of the CPU, the PCI, ISA, AGP, and PCI Express expansion slots, and (usually) the IDE/ATA controller
What is a Port? • In computer hardware, a 'port' serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices. • Physically, a port is a specialized outlet on a piece of equipment to which a plug or cable connects. Electronically, the several conductors making up the outlet provide a signal transfer between devices. • The term 'port' is derived from a latin word 'porta' (gate, entrance, door).
Software Port • A software port (usually just called a 'port') is a virtual/logical data connection that can be used by programs to exchange data directly. • The most common of these are TCP and UDP ports, which are used to exchange data between computers on the Internet.
Ports • Serial Port • Parallel Port • Game Port • PS/2 Port • USB Port • Audio Ports
Data Transfer • Serial Data Transfer • Parallel Data Transfer • In telecommunication and computer science, serial communication is the process of sending data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a communication channel or computer bus. This is in contrast to parallel communication, where several bits are sent together, on a link with several parallel channels. • Serial computer buses are becoming more common even at shorter distances, as improved signal integrity and transmission speeds in newer serial technologies have begun to outweigh the parallel bus's.
USB • Universal Serial Bus • USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a specification to establish communication between devices and a host controller (usually personal computers), developed and invented Intel. USB is intended to replace many varieties of serial and parallel ports. • USB can connect computer peripherals such as mice, keyboards, digital cameras, printers, personal media players, flash drives, and external hard drives. For many of those devices, USB has become the standard connection method.
USB • USB version 1.0 = 12 Mbps • USB version 2.0 = 480 Mbps • Supports 127 Devices • Hot swappable • Plug and Play
USB Cable • USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a new technology intended to replace the current dedicated ports used for keyboards and mice. • The USB interface is specifically designed to allow easy connection of a wide variety of devices; it is intended to be user-friendly and truly "plug and play". • On a system equipped with USB, one can "hot swap" devices, meaning they can be plugged into the system or removed without needing to power the system down or doing anything to it before the change is made.
Fire Wire 1394 • The IEEE 1394 interface is a serial bus interface standard for high-speed communications and real-time data transfer, frequently used by personal computers, as well as in digital audio, digital video, automotive, and aeronautics applications.
Key Features • Fire Wire can connect up to 63 peripheral devices using tree chain topology. • Supports plug and play. • Hot swapping supported i.e. no need to switch off the system to connect/disconnect devices. • Cables can be 4.5 meters long and flexible than other parallel cables.
IEEE 1394 Standards • FireWire 400 (IEEE 1394-1995) • FireWire 800 (IEEE 1394b-2002) • FireWire S800T (IEEE 1394c-2006) • FireWire S1600 and S3200 • Future enhancements (including P1394d) -6.4 Gbit/s
ISA - Industry Standard Architecture • Stands for "Industry Standard Architecture." ISA is a type of bus used in PCs for adding expansion cards. For example, an ISA slot may be used to add a video card, a network card, or an extra serial port. • The original 8-bit version of PCI uses a 62 pin connection and supports clock speeds of 8 and 33 MHz. 16-bit PCI uses 98 pins and supports the same clock speeds.
Accelerated Graphics Port is an interface specification that enables 3D graphics to display quickly on ordinary personal computers. AGP is designed to convey 3-D images (for example, from Web sites or CD-ROMs) much more quickly and smoothly than is possible today on any system other than a costly graphics workstation. AGP Slot
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) is an inter connection system between a microprocessor and attached devices in which expansion slots are spaced closely for high speed operation. PCI transmits 32 bits at a time in a 124-pin connection (the extra pins are for power supply and grounding) and 64 bits in a 188-pin connection in an expanded implementation PCI Slots
