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Chapter 8

Chapter 8. Reactions in A queous Solutions. Classification of Reactions (Product Prediction). There are 5 types of chemical reactions: Single Replacement Double Replacement Synthesis Decomposition Combustion. 8.1 Predicting if a Chemical R eaction will Occur.

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Chapter 8

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  1. Chapter 8 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

  2. Classification of Reactions (Product Prediction) There are 5 types of chemical reactions: Single Replacement Double Replacement Synthesis Decomposition Combustion

  3. 8.1 Predicting if a Chemical Reaction will Occur • Driving forces that cause products to form- • Solid (precipitate) • Water • Electron transfer • Gas • If two chemical are mixed together and one of the above occurs, then a reaction has occurred

  4. 8.2 Reaction in which a solid forms • Precipitate (ppt) - This when a solid forms after two chemicals have been mixed • Determine this by: • Swap the cations and anions (double replacement reaction) • follow solubility rules to determine if any of the products are insoluble in water (ppt) • Any solutions that are soluble just dissolve (stay ions – spectator ions)

  5. 8.3 Describing Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Molecular equation- the two reactants and the product with their state Complete ionic equation- each reactant and product is broken apart and given an individual charge and state Spectator ions- ions that do not change throughout the reaction. Usually aqueous solutions Net ionic equation- contains only the compounds that changed in the reaction

  6. 8.4 Acid and Base Reactions Acids produce H+ ions Base produces OH- ions Strong bases and acids have strong electrolytes that either contain H+ or OH- ions Acid/base reactions always produce water as a product

  7. 8.5 Reactions of Metals and Nonmetals Oxidation-Reduction reaction- involves transfer of electrons OIL RIG- oxidation is a loss: Reduction is a gain Usually it is the metal that has an electron change (Gain or loss)

  8. 8.6 Ways to Classify Reactions • Single displacement- one ion is replaced with a more reactive ion • A + BC B + AC • Oxidation reduction reaction (redox) • Double displacement- when two chemicals with two ions each exchange • AB + CD AD + BC • Precipitation reaction- when a precipitate forms (solubility rules • Acid-base reactions- when H+ ions and HO-ions react to form water

  9. 8.7 Other Types of Reactions • Combustion reactions- when an organic material (hydrocarbon) is mixed with oxygen, it ALWAYS forms water and carbon dioxide • CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O • Synthesis- when two elements are combined to form one product • A+BAB • Decomposition- when a compound is broken down into elements or smaller compounds. • AB A+B

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