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Design and Study of Ricinoleates as processing aids and activators in rubbers…

Design and Study of Ricinoleates as processing aids and activators in rubbers…. What is RPA. Any material used at relatively low dosage levels, will improve processing characteristics without significantly affecting physical properties.

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Design and Study of Ricinoleates as processing aids and activators in rubbers…

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  1. Design and Study of Ricinoleates as processing aids and activators in rubbers…

  2. What is RPA Any material used at relatively low dosage levels, will improve processing characteristics without significantly affecting physical properties. They also improve the physical properties such as, Elasticity, Flex life, Low temp performance and, Aid in incorporation & dispersion of pigments

  3. RPA – main appc’s

  4. RPA & its effects-

  5. What is an Activator - Increase the efficiency of cross-linking - Help in dispersing the sulphur and accelerator

  6. Driving- FACTOR • Conventional Processing aid, petroleum based Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) has been banned in European countries at 2009. • Stearic acid (present as activator), is a saturated fatty acid obtained from animal fat.

  7. Car photo Driving- FACTOR ZnO Reduction • Zn can be released into the environment from rubber during production, use, and recycling of rubber goods, particularly tyres. • Harmful effect of soluble Zn-compounds to aquatic organisms. • ZnO causes a mammalian reproductive toxin • Exposure to zinc oxide in the air, result in a nervous malady called metal fume fever. • ZnS deposited on the wall of the mold, causes moldfouling.

  8. AS FUTURE TECHNOLOGISTS, WE OFFER YOU SOLUTIONS…

  9. EXPERIMENT We have tried to reduce the ZnO by using a combination of metal oxide (MgO & Ca(OH)2) of varying ratios, is mixed with CASTOR OIL under microwave heating at a set frequency (1.32GHz).

  10. Composition of Castor Oil

  11. Structure of Castor oil • Mono-unsaturated, 18 carbon fatty acid (esters of 12- hydroxy-9-octadecenoicacid) • Contains Functional groups: 1.carboxylic group 2.unsaturation 3.hydroxy group

  12. Why Castor Oil • Naturally obtained non-toxic Vegetable oil • Vegetable oil offers Lubricity • Other seed oils lack the HYDROXY Group • Due to this Hydroxy group- 1. Reactive 2. Offers xtra stability 3. High viscosity

  13. Metal Oxide Varying ratios

  14. Blank Preparation

  15. RX formulation

  16. 1600C for 20mins

  17. 1600C for 20mins

  18. 1600C for 20mins INFERENCE : Both RX6 and RX7 haven’t cured, so we neglected both the samples.

  19. Rheological Props(GUM cmpds) INFERENCE : Scorch time is INCREASED, While Cure time is very much DECREASED

  20. Tests for Gum cmpds : • Hardness (ASTM D2240) • Tensile Properties (ASTM D412) • Tear Strength (ASTM D624) • Aging properties (ASTM D573)

  21. Hardness INFERENCE : Hardness values found to decrease with our Activator compounds

  22. TENSILE STRENGTH INFERENCE : T.S is very much lower

  23. MAX Strain % INFERENCE : profound increase in STRAIN %

  24. All our Activator Compounds exceeded above 600% elongation

  25. MODULUS MODULUS = Resistance to extension or stiffness INFERENCE : Modulus was found to be low

  26. Aging Properties Aging Condition- 700C for 7 days

  27. Tear Strength(GUM cmpds) INFERENCE : Tear Strength usually higher for our Activator Cmpds

  28. PC Formulation Benchmarked with usual mixture, ZnO - 3 phr St Acid – 2 phr

  29. Rheograph 1600C for 20mins

  30. Rheograph 1600C for 20mins

  31. Rheological Props 1600C for 20mins INFERENCE : Scorch time is INCREASED, While Cure time is very much DECREASED

  32. Tests for C-B filled cmpds • Hardness • Tensile Strength • Tear Strength • Swelling Index • Compression Set • Flex Cracking Resistance

  33. Hardness INFERENCE : Not much change in Hardness

  34. Tensile Strength Aging Condition – 1000C for 22hr INFERENCE : Tensile Strength is low But % retention of our activator cmpds is high

  35. Tear Strength Aging Condition – 1000C for 22hr INFERENCE : Tear Strength and % Retention is HIGH for our activator compounds

  36. Swelling Index Immersed in toluene for 7 days SWELLING INDEX = (Ws – Wi)/Wi Swelling Index α 1 / Crosslink Density

  37. Compression Set SET % = (t0 – tr) / (to - ts) × 100 INFERENCE : Set found to be lower as cross-link density is less

  38. Flex Cracking resistance INFERENCE : profound increase in Flex-Cracking resistance

  39. Summary • With reduced viscosity, thereby reducing mix duration with less mech generation of heat & energy consumption reqd to breakdown rubber. • Ease of handling as processing aids is in the form of pellets. • With increased scorch time(Ts2), better Processing safety. • With shorter curing cycles, we get faster productivity. • The physical props of C-B filled cmpds was similar to the control, but this was not the case in GUM cmpds.

  40. Coupling action of Veg. oil Interacts with Rubber molecules Interacts with C-Black as its surface contains Phenol, Carboxyl, Quinone & Lactones

  41. Why MgO & Ca(OH)2 • These were the acid acceptors playing a dual role : 1. Neutralization of acid-byproducts of vulcanization and; 2. Act as cross-linking agents forming weak ionic bonds.

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