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Wind and Water Distribution over Ocean W. Timothy Liu, Xiaosu Xie, and Wenqing Tang

Wind and Water Distribution over Ocean W. Timothy Liu, Xiaosu Xie, and Wenqing Tang Distribution of Wind Power over Ocean Closure of Water Balance Meso-scale Ocean-atmosphere Coupling. SMMR. Power density. Center of cyclonic currents. Using Weibull distribution. Scaling factor.

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Wind and Water Distribution over Ocean W. Timothy Liu, Xiaosu Xie, and Wenqing Tang

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  1. Wind and Water Distribution over Ocean • W. Timothy Liu, Xiaosu Xie, and Wenqing Tang • Distribution of Wind Power over Ocean • Closure of Water Balance • Meso-scale Ocean-atmosphere Coupling

  2. SMMR

  3. Power density Center of cyclonic currents Using Weibull distribution Scaling factor Shape factor ū is mean wind speed σ is standard deviation of wind speed Г is the gamma function

  4. Distribution of Wind Speed • Generating electric power from wind energy at sea (floating wind farms) • Avoid hazard conditions in shipping • Ocean-atmosphere exchanges, in heat, water, and greenhouse gases

  5. Center of cyclonic currents

  6. Center of cyclonic currents

  7. Center of cyclonic currents

  8. Center of cyclonic currents

  9. Center of cyclonic currents

  10. HYDROLOGIC BALANCE HYDROLOGIC BALANCE Ue=f(Us) Liu (1993)-polynomial Liu & Tang (2005) - Neural Network Ue = U850mb Heta & Mitsuta (1993) Both Us & U850mbXie et al. (2007) - SVR

  11. Flux Divergence E-P

  12. Subtropical South Pacific CC=0.856 CC=0.913 E-P

  13. CC=0.81 Equatorial western Pacific CC=0.764

  14. Ocean Balance GRACE Climatology Land Balance

  15. Global Water Balance - JASON

  16. Global Water Balance-GRACE

  17. Global Water Balance-GRACE

  18. Water Balance over Global Ocean

  19. Ocean’s Influence on Water Balance of South America Liu et al., GRL 2006 The approximate balance of dM/dt with ∫-R bolsters not only the credibity of the spacebased measurements, but supports the characterization of ocean’s influence on continental water balance.

  20. Meridional Heat Transport (MHT) Center of cyclonic currents H: Heat content ζ: Horizontal heat flux SW: Short wave radiation LW: Long wave radiation LH: Latent heat SH: Sensible heat

  21. Summary • AMSR measures the largest aggregate of water cycle parameters • The high resolution global coverage is conducive to study the coupling of mid-latitude ocean fronts with atmosphere • It provide the distribution of wind power density with unprecedented details • Need continuous and consistent time series • New opportunity for science synergism still lies ahead

  22. Center of cyclonic currents Backup

  23. Mid-latitude Coupling over Ocean Front • Our knowledge on stress was derived from winds before we have scatterometer • High-resolution AMSR data help to define mesoscale SST gradient where stress could not be derived from wind alone • Because the weak lapse rate, mid-latitude SST anomalies could not generate atmospheric response above boundary layer. • Satellite data contradict such notion and challenge on dynamics and scaling for the modelling community.

  24. Filtered ENW (color) and SST (contour) Collocation of ENW magnitude with SST is inherent in the definition of ENW and turbulent mixing theory.

  25. Filtered precipitation (color) and SST (contour) Precipitation is in quadrature with SST and in phase with surface wind convergence.

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