EPCOS Product Profile

1. EPCOS Product Profile (India) 2013 Power Factor Correction Power Quality Solutions www.epcos.com

2. Preview I U U I Linear loads: Non linear load produce non sinusoidal currents when voltage was followed by current. connected to sinusoidal voltage. General How reactive power is generated The increasing demand of electrical Every electric load that works with reactive power compensation systems power and the awareness of the magnetic fields (motors, chokes, (detuned/conventional) are installed necessity of energy saving is very up transformers, inductive heating, arc for larger loads like industrial machinery. to date these days. Also the aware- welding, generators) produces a vary- Such systems consist of a group ness of power quality is increasing, ing degree of electrical lag, which is of capacitor units that can be cut in and power factor correction (PFC) and called inductance. This lag of inductive and cut out and which are driven and harmonic filtering will be implemented loads maintains the current sense (e.g. switched by a power factor controller. on a growing scale. Enhancing power positive) for a time even though the quality – improvement of power factor negative-going voltage tries to reverse * – saves costs and ensures a fast it. This phase shift between current sin * return on investment. In power distrib- and voltage is maintained, current and With power factor correction the apparent power ution, in low- and medium-voltage voltage having opposite signs. During S can be decreased by reducing the reactive power Q. networks, PFC focuses on the power this time, negative power or energy flow (cos Ø) and the optimization of is produced and fed back into the voltage stability by generating reactive network. When current and voltage Reactive Power [KVAr] 2 2 2 power – to im prove voltage quality and have the same sign again, the same Q = S — P reliability at distribution level. amount of energy is again needed to Q Q 2 C build up the magnetic fields in induc- Q1 tive loads. This magnetic reversal energy is called reactive power. S2 P j 1 In AC networks (50/60 Hz) such a S1 j process is repeated 50 or 60 times a 2 second. So an obvious solution is to Apparent Power [kVA] 2 2 2 S = P + Q briefly store the magnetic reversal energy in capacitors and relieve the Active Power [kW] 2 2 2 P = S — Q network (supply line) of this reactive energy. For this reason, automatic Power factor Power factor improvement Types of PFC (detuned or conventional) results in Power factor improvement can be achieved by individual or fixed compensation Higher energy consumption and (each reactive power producer is costs, Compensation of reactive power individually compensated), Less power distributed via the with capacitors, group compensation (reactive power network, Active compensation – using producers connected as a group Power loss in the network, semiconductors, and compensated as a whole), Higher transformer losses, Overexcited synchronous machine central or automatic compen sation Increased voltage drop in power (motor/generator). (by a PFC system at a central point), distribution networks. mixed compensation. 4 EIPL 2013

3. Only 2 pages have been converted. Please go to https://docs.zone and Sign Up to convert all pages.