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What is Culture?

What is Culture?. Part 2. Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism, and Human Rights. Ethnocentrism Cultural relativism. Stereotype Cultural Generalization. Cultural Practices. Discussion on cultural practices that differ from traditional American and European practices Free-write:

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What is Culture?

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  1. What is Culture? Part 2

  2. Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism, and Human Rights • Ethnocentrism • Cultural relativism • Stereotype • Cultural Generalization

  3. Cultural Practices • Discussion on cultural practices that differ from traditional American and European practices • Free-write: • During discussion: • Maintain a cultural relativistic perspective • Focus on the cultural reasoning • Not on whether or not you approve

  4. Foot Binding

  5. Foot Binding • Origins & History • Early 10th century • ___________________ • ___________________ • _____ – illegal in china • Why? What has changed?

  6. Foot Binding: Cultural Ties • Social perception • __________ • __________ • Marriage • ______________ • _________________ • ____________________

  7. Female Genital Cutting

  8. What is Female Genital Cutting? • ________________________________ • Practiced in ____________________________ • WHO recognizes ________________________

  9. Female Genital Cutting FGC attendants in Indonesian elementary school classroom

  10. Female Genital Cutting: Cultural Significance • Tradition • ____________________________ • __________________________ • _________________________________ • _____________________________ • ____________________

  11. Differing Views - FGC • Spiritual and Social Obligation • ____________________________ • ____________________________ • Economic Necessity • More ____________: _____________________ • Men ____________________________________ • __________________in a _________________ Society

  12. Differing Views - FGC • Violation of ___________________ • Violation of ____________ • ________________________ • A symptom of ____________________________ • A form of _______________________

  13. Why perform Female Genital Cutting?

  14. Rite of Passage: A Male Example • Ritual Insemination - Etoro, Papua New Guinea • Male Rite of Passage • ___________________________________ • Highly Regulated and Culturally Significant • ______________________________ • _______________________________ • _______________________________

  15. Efforts: Eradication or Education? • ___________________________ • Emerged as a ________________ • __________in several countries • ______________________ • Focus on _____________ • Transform the ________________ • Maintain _______________________

  16. Efforts: Eradication or Education? • Tostan in Senegal • 1997 Community Empowerment Program • Not meant to ________________ • 4-pronged educational platform: • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4.

  17. Efforts: Eradication or Education? • Tostan in Senegal • Community decision making • Traditional teaching methods: ____ _____________________________ • ________________ceremony with multiple villages • Hold communities responsible • Focus on __________________ • Aim for ________________________

  18. Human Rights • Cultural Relativism:How does this concept then relate to the issue of a global system of human rights? • What constitutes a violation of rights? • Line between cultural tradition & human rights • Over time, cultures have changed attitudes about what practices are considered a violation of human rights. • Today, some actions, such as genocide, seem clearly to fall under a violation of human rights.

  19. Human Rights & Ethnocentrism • Ethnocentrism may make it difficult to define clearly in every case and for agreement to be reached about what is truly a human rights violation. • Example: FCG • Note: This does not mean that all behavior should be excused or tolerated just because it can be defined as a cultural custom

  20. An agreed upon violation: Violence Against Women • (Extreme) Example: Dowry Death & Bride Burning • _____________________________ • Research illustrates ________________ • ___________________________ • Isolated incidences in the US

  21. France & the Veil • Banning the ________________ • Preserve ___________________ • _______________worry about their rights • Opponents: _____________________ • Secular country

  22. Human Rights & Anthropology • Why is it important to have a dialog about human rights? • How can anthropology contribute to this dialog?

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