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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. 4 developments define postclassical centuries. Islamic civilization spread politically and culturally into Asia, Europe and Africa Civilizations expanded into new world regions The great world religions gained acceptance from peoples who once following local belief structures

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6

  2. 4 developments define postclassical centuries • Islamic civilization spread politically and culturally into Asia, Europe and Africa • Civilizations expanded into new world regions • The great world religions gained acceptance from peoples who once following local belief structures • The creation of a world network linking many of the individual civilizations

  3. World Network develops • This is the most important characteristic of the Post-Classical World • Trade and Military • Disease • We are not including America, Polynesia and Australia YET

  4. The rise of ISLAM Post-Classical Era The decline of Classical Era

  5. Islam • The rise of Islam is one of the things that marks the end of the Classical and Beginning of the Post-Classical Era • The decline of the Islamic empire marks the end of the Post-Classical Era • New empires develop = Asia, Africa and Europe

  6. Pre-Islam • Arabian Peninsula—not a great place to live • Desert • Oasis communities • Bedouin societies develop • Hunter/Gatherer type society • Merchants because they were traveling from civilization to civilization • Towns were set up for trade

  7. Life as a Bedouin • Kinship = Clan • Tribe = Many clans come together during war • Loyalty = survival • Shaykhs = Leaders • Rivalry over water and land between the clans • Made this type of society very weak

  8. Women in Bedouin society • Played a key role in the clan’s economy • Matrilineal: family line is followed through the women’s family • Ne veils • Both men and women were allowed to have multiple spouses

  9. Important cities Mecca Medina

  10. Mecca • Established by the Umayyad Clan • Ka’ba: Bedouin religious shrine • Polytheistic/Animism • Started with nothing to do with Islam • Allah was the creator-god. We don’t know if he was really seen as a supreme deity

  11. Medina • Agricultural and commercial area • Fighting occurred often between the groups in the area • Arab vs. Jewish

  12. Muhammad • Born c. 570 CE • He belonged to the BanuHasin Clan • Quraysh Tribe • Merchant in Mecca • Married Khadijah (a widow) • Wanted to bring unity to the tribes • He saw how destructive the fighting was • Monotheism was seen as a way to unite people

  13. The Prophet • 610 CE he went to meditate and was visited by Gabriel • As he grew in influence so did the potential for him to be a threat to the status quo • Islam offers something new to the Arabian People

  14. What does Islam offer • Umma: “community of the faithful” • Unity • 5 pillars • Replaces old hate with new unity and a moral system • Equality under Allah (all believers) • Accepts components of both Christianity and Judaism

  15. After the death a Muhammad • Muhammad dies in 632 CE • No successor or rules on who would succeed him • He dies young • The Unity he created starts to falters with his death • Power Grab • Umayyad took control • Start to spread Islam

  16. Line of succession • Calph • Abu Bakr (Ummayad Clan) • Umarassassinated • Uthman(Umayyad) Murdered • Then the issues really start

  17. Medina Muslims chose Ali Uthman Killed Umayyad refuse to recognize him War Ali appears weak and is assassinate Ma’awiya of the Umayyad tribe “Chosen” Becomes the First Calphate Shi’i: successor should Be from the Prophet’s Family. follow Ali Sunni: people should Choose the successor follow Umayyad

  18. Umayyad Empire • Conversion not a priority • Grew Larger • 732 Battle of Tours • Islam's advancement into Europe stopped by the Franks • Were able to gain power in Spain and Portugal • Damascus (Syria) became the capitol • Muslim Arab Elite • Strong Military and bureaucracy • Ended when the Abbasid Clan defeated the Umayyad

  19. Abbasid Caliphate • Used the Shi’ite to win but turned against them and supported the Sunni • More bureaucracy to keep big empire together • Baghdad capitol • Urban prosperity grew

  20. Dhimmis • People of the book • Jews, Christians, Zoroastrianism, Hindus • Keep their religion • Had to pay higher taxes • Malawi: Converts

  21. Changes for women with the Quran • No adultery for either spouse • One husband • 4 wives if they could be cared for • No infanticide • Both sexes equal before Allah

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