Element

1. Elements and Compounds Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons Element Objectives: Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Hydrocarbons – Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Preparation and Properties of Methane, Ethene and Ethyne.

2. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Hydrocarbons Compounds Hydrocarbons are substances that contain Hydrogen and Carbon only. A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. • Hydrocarbons are divided into a series of families or groups called Homologous Series. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. • A homologous series is a group of compound which have a general formula and are chemically similar.

3. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Alkanes Compounds The Alkanes have a general formula of CnH2n+2 They run from C1 –C60 approx. C1-C4 are gases C5-C17 are liquids C17-C60 are Waxy Solids As we progress between successive members of the series we find that there is a difference of CH2 in their formulae. As a direct result there is a regular increase in their Boiling Points since more energy is required to break up the longer chains. All Alkanes are flammable, have a pH of 7 and are insoluble in water. A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

4. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element The Alkane members Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

5. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Methane Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Methane gas is the chief constituent in Marsh gas available from the mines of mineral coal and gas collected over petroleum in the sedimentary rocks in the crust of the earth.

6. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Preparation of Methane Compounds Methane gas is obtained by heating sodium acetate and soda lime (3:1 proportion mixture of sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide). A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

7. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Properties of Methane Compounds At room temperature and standard pressure, methane is a colourless, odourless gas. It is insoluble in water and is lighter than air. A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. It bums with blue flame when burnt in air and gives carbon dioxide and water. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

8. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Alkenes Compounds An alkeneis an unsaturated chemical compound containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond. A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. The Alkenes are homologues series with general formula CnH2n. The first member of the alkene series is Ethene. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. The simplest alkenes, ethene, propene and butene are gases. Linear alkenes of approximately five to sixteen carbons are liquids, and higher alkenes are waxy solids. Alkenes are relatively stable compounds, but are more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of a carbon-carbon pi-bond.

9. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element The Alkene members Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

10. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Ethene (Ethylene) Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Ethene is a hydrocarbon with the formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2. Ethene is also an important natural plant hormone, used in agriculture to force the ripening of fruits.

11. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Preparation of Ethene Compounds Ethane gas can be prepared in a laboratory by the cracking of hydrocarbons such as kerosene or candle wax. A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Ethane gas is collected in the gas jar by downward displacement of water.

12. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Properties of Ethene Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Ethene gas is insoluble in water. It is colourless and odourless gas. It is lighter than water. Ethene removes the pink colour of dilute alkaline solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and makes it colourless. This reaction indicates the property or unsaturation of ethene.

13. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Properties of Ethene Compounds Reaction of ethene with hydrogen: A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Reaction of ethene with halogens: Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Polymerisation:

14. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Alkynes Compounds Alkynes are hydrocarbons that have a triple bond between two carbon atoms, with the general chemical formula CnH2n-2. A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. These are generally hydrophobic but tend to be more reactive. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Alkynes are characteristically more unsaturated than alkenes.

15. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element The Alkyne members Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

16. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Ethyne (Acetylene) Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. Ethyne is the chemical compound with the formula C2H2. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne.

17. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Preparation of Ethyne Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

18. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Properties of Ethyne Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. Pure acetylene is odorless, but commercial grades usually have a marked odour due to impurities.

19. Elements and Compounds Non-metals Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Extraction of Sulphur Petroleum Hydrocarbons Element Properties of Ethyne Compounds A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion. Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.