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Energy

Energy. Chapter 15. What is energy?. Defined as the ability to do work or the ability to cause change. Measured in joules. Can occur in many forms. Kinetic Energy. Energy of motion All moving objects possess kinetic energy Can change from one type to another. VELOCITY.

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Energy

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  1. Energy Chapter 15

  2. What is energy? • Defined as the ability to do work or the ability to cause change. • Measured in joules. • Can occur in many forms.

  3. Kinetic Energy • Energy of motion • All moving objects possess kinetic energy • Can change from one type to another

  4. VELOCITY Factors which affect kinetic energy: • MASS • K.E = ½ mv2

  5. Potential Energy • Energy stored in an object due to its position. • Examples:

  6. Gravitational potential energy • Dependant on the weight of the object and its height above some reference point. • Formula: GPE = m x g x height

  7. Elastic Potential Energy • Potential energy due to to the physical distortion of an object. • Depends on: • Type of material • Amount of distortion

  8. Six main forms of energy: thermal electric chemical mechanical nuclear electromagnetic

  9. 1. Mechanical energy • Energy associated with motion:

  10. 2. Heat energy • Internal motion of particles of matter that often causes a change in temperature.

  11. 3. Chemical energy • Energy released or stored when atoms are bonded together. • Bonds can be broken to release this energy.

  12. 4. Electromagnetic energy • A form of energy that travels through space in the form of waves.

  13. 5. Nuclear energy • Found in the nucleus of the atom • Most concentrated form of energy • Reason for the brightness and heat of the sun • Nuclear link

  14. 6. Electrical energy • Energy associated with electrical charges or moving electrons.

  15. Energy conversions • All forms of energy can change from one form to another. • Examples:

  16. Conservation of Energy • Energy can be neither created nor destroyed.

  17. Calculations • When friction is absent or small enough to be ignored, total mechanical energy = KE + PE • Problems 1-3 page 458

  18. Theory of Relativity • Developed by Albert Einstein in 1905. • Energy is directly related to mass. • E = mc2

  19. Energy Resources • Nonrenewable: • Cannot be replaced after being used up. Examples: oil uranium natural gas coal

  20. Renewable resources • Can be replaced in a relatively short period of time. Examples: • Hydroelectric • Solar • Wind • Biomass • Thermal

  21. Hydroelectric energy • Energy obtained by damming a river and controlling the flow. • Potential energy converted to kinetic converted to electric

  22. Solar energy • Using sunlight as an energy source on earth. • A huge amount of energy available, but problems include storage and dependence on climate.

  23. Wind power • Relatively unlimited amount of energy available. • Problem: What if it is not windy?

  24. Geothermal energy • Using the heat beneath the Earth’s surface.

  25. Hydrogen fuel cells and biomass • Hydrogen fuel cells: a way to generate electricity by reacting hydrogen with oxygen. • Biomass: using living organisms to produce energy.

  26. assignment • Page 469-470 • 1-10, 12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32

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