Bargaining with Patriarchy

1. Bargaining with Patriarchy

2. Feminism considers patriarchy and class under capitalism determine monolithic conception of male dominance • Hence, women strategize within a set of constraints within the system • This determines women’s passive or active resistance of their oppression. An example is Sub Saharah South Africa women how they negotiate their own terms of their farm-labor to achieve their independence. • In classic peasantry agrarian system women exposed to the uncertainty of classic patriarchy, which encourages higher fertility that results in deeper poverty and dependency. • In China they transformed the patriarchal system through Democracy. • Under the new global market forces, classic patriarchy breaks down in rural areas capitalism shelters women in domestic spheres under patrimony reverts into conservatism under the disguise of protection and propriety to ensure women’s submissiveness. (Women veil themselves to feel protected) • In the modern era, women broke down men’s role as the sole bread winners. This movement challenged male dominance due to women’s desire to go out and work by demanding equal wages, while others wanted to stay home and bind men to home and family longing for lost intimacy by reinstating old patriarchal bargain.

3. Masculinity and Globalization • Men and boys were socialized in masculinity during their early childhood. • Hierarchy hegemony: plural masculinity within cultural groups exist in definite social relations of hierarchy, exclusion, and domination. • Collective masculinity: patterns of gender practice sustained by social groups and institutions. • World gender order: active masculinity construction/men’s bodies as the arena of masculinity. • Dynamics: masculinity created in specific historical stance liable to reconstruction and any pattern of hegemony is subject to contestation. • Patterns practiced at home, work place, political and other socio economic institutions including transnational markets and international development programs all affecting unequally gendered recipients of aid and international trade.

4. Within multinational corporations practices, we find roots of old colonial empires in modern world gender order. • Colonial conquests led to gender-segregation forces, which resulted in massive disruption of indigenous gender orders. • This resulted in the division of labor as in the case of plantation economies leading into racial hierarchy and eventually to world labor market based on financial control and the spread of gender violence. • The outcome of this new multi socio, economic, and political systems of control is the new colonialism with its highly unequal and turbulent society based on male wage-labor and female unpaid domestic-labor. • Due to male migrations to mines and plantations perpetrated global male dominance.

5. Under post colonialism male corporate depend on wives staying home caring for children. • In addition stock market and mass media brought global standards and cultural and sexual privileges. (Executive Suits) • Transnational business masculinity based on hierarchy of individualism and hegemony over local customs. • Global women: Feminization of migrant nannies, maids, and sex markets. • Female migration which is primarily to fulfill a need for paid-work is in actuality an extension of domestic work, which women already resented. • Children of the First World are raised by two mothers while the children left behind are without mothers.

6. Anti Globalization Feminism • Anti globalization feminism see globalization as; an economic, political, and ideological phenomenon that, actively brings the world various communities under connected interdependent and material regimes. • One must study internal racism, capitalist hegemony, and colonialism as central to the process of global domination and exploitation. • In global restructuring, patriarchy, hegemony, and masculinity in relation to present day globalization of gender to global market and its devastating effects on women. • In global restructuring, we see the organization of gender is part of global strategy of capitalism.

7. Women and Global Corporate • Women of particular caste, class, race, and economic status are necessary to the operation of capitalist global economy. • They are preferred candidates for particular jobs, they are the poor third world women/migrant woman who immigrant in search of labor across national borders such as maids, care workers, and sex trafficking. • Evidence of this the increase of girl factory workers, domestic workers, and sex workers. • The rise of national conservatism, violence, and fundamentalism are all part of reactionary movement against global capitalism. • Also anti world economic summits, anti corporate, environmental, anti racism, anti consumerism, anti IMF, world bank, anti agricultural business by small farmers, and environmental justice movements. • In post-Beijing conference; women’s rights as human rights, women’s involvement in these movements became more visible. However, we still find girls and women are central to the labor-market of global capital. The anti globalization movement has not yet developed effective strategies to end these inequalities globally.

8. Conclusion • Hence, we need a transnational feminist movement whose objective is building feminist solidarities across nationalism. • Women are key to combating the process of re-colonization that is put in place by corporate control of the environment. • Women need to be in leadership roles globally to ensure the wellness of humanity and environment against corporate injustices.