Who am I?

1. Eurobarometer 2005Elisabeth Staksrud European Commission Expert on New media and public attitudesHamburg 06.12.2006

2. Who am I? • Project Director New Media – Norwegian Media Authority (prev. Norwegian Board of Film Classification) • Degree in Media and Communication • Initiated and coordinated the SAFT project (from 2002) • From 2004: training coordinator for the Europan Awareness Network and European Commission’s expert on Internet and public opinion • Appointed member of the Norwegian Government’s Internet Advisory Board • Industry appointed member of the Norwegian Internet Self regulation Board • Currently research fellow at the Dept. of M & C at University of Oslo • Love to watch TV

3. Survey information • The Eurobarometer survey presents the attitudes of European Union citizens towards illegal and harmful content on the Internet and their knowledge of how to protect their children against it. It covers 25 Member states, candidate and acceding countries and was conducted in December 2005. • The survey was commissioned by the Directorate-General Information Society and Media and was carried out by TNS Opinion & Social, a consortium formed by TNS and EOS Gallup Europe

4. Survey information Aim:Map out use of Internet in Europe general and among children particularily. Gather information on childrens potential access to harmful or illegal content on the Internet. Map out parental control over the use of Internet and awareness level and information about safe use Target/number of Interviews – 3 selections: • General European public above 15 years (29 248 respondents representing 442 620 588 Europeans) • Caretakers with children aged 17 and under in their household (7560 respondents). • Further selection of caretakers claiming that child uses Internet (3791 respondents) Method:Face-to-Face interviews in peoples homes in national language. Addresses selected random route procedures Fieldwork period: December 2005 – January 2006

5. Two important premisses to remember when reading the results: • It is not parents, but ”caretakers” that respond on behalf of themselves and children in the household. Status of caretaker is unknown. • Results regarding children’s use are based on parental assessment – and must not be confused with what children actually do or how much access they have

6. What I will do • Summarize main findings from Eurobarometer 2005 with a special emphasis on German results when relevant • Parental self assessment and knowledge • Parental assessment of their children’s access and usage • Try to give some overall strategic awareness advice by looking at research on children

7. Students 91% Managers 89% Age 15-24 77% TEA: 20+ 75% Employees 75% Age 25-39 64% Self-employed 58% Men 55% Age 40-54 54% EU25 49% TEA: 16-19 47% Manual workers 46% Women 43% Unemployed 39% House persons 30% Age 55+ 20% TEA: 15 - 15% Retired 15% Use of Internet in EU by respondents' socio-demographiccharacteristics

8. 40% of all men regard themselves as advanced or expert users! Managers 9% 43% 32% 15% Students 7% 46% 37% 10% 10% 45% 37% 9% Aged 15-24 Men 15% 44% 29% 11% TEA: 20+ 16% 46% 27% 11% Aged 25-39 16% 48% 27% 9% Employees 14% 52% 26% 7% Self-employed 18% 48% 23% 10% Unemployed 22% 47% 26% 5% Aged 40-54 23% 47% 22% 8% TEA: 16-19 23% 47% 24% 5% Women 23% 49% 23% 4% Manual workers 28% 47% 22% 4% Aged 55+ 31% 47% 18% 4% Retired 32% 45% 18% 3% TEA: 15- 32% 46% 18% 3% House persons 40% 42% 15% 2% A beginner An intermediate user An advanced user An expert user Using the Internet: self-assessed expertise Women rate themselves just above retired people, but below unemployed and teens

10. EU25 52% 29% 18% EU15 54% 26% 17% EU15-2003 41% 38% 20% NMS10 38% 43% 18% AC/CC4 22% 26% 51% Yes No DK Do you know where or to whom you can reportillegal content you see on the Internet?

11. DK 79% LU 69% 63% AT DE 63% SE 61% 60% UK FI 59% IE 57% IT 56% 52% EU25 BE 50% FR 49% 46% SK CY 46% SI 45% 45% NL EL 43% CZ 42% 41% PL ES 40% PT 37% MT 36% 29% EE HU 28% LV 25% 17% LT Yes! I know where or to whom you can report illegal content you se on the Internet (by country) • Average EU25 level is 52% • Germany is one of the ”top four countries” on awareness about illegal content • Awareness level has significantly increased since 2003 in the 15 ”old” member states, from 41% til 54% on average.

12. Do you know where or to whom you can report illegal content you see on the Internet? 47% 49% The police 34% 17% 4% Hotlines, tiplines set up for 5% 3% this purpose 7% 3% 3% Internet service providers 6% 6% 2% EU25 2% Schools 2% EU15 2% NMS10 1% AC/CC4 2% Associations, NGOs 1% 1% 1% 1% Parent associations 0% 0% 3% 4% Others 2% 1% 47% 43% No /DK 61% 77% Who do they know they can report to? • The European public associates illegal content with the police! • Half of the European public does not recognize that ”same rules apply” (illegal is illegal) when you add technology

14. 88% Aged 16-17 Aged 14-15 87% 85% Aged 12-13 Aged 10-11 68% 51% Aged 8-9 50% All children 34% Aged 6-7 Aged <6 9% Young adults 73% The use of Internet among children (by age brackets)

15. 71% DK 68% 68% NL 64% 67% EE 60% 65% UK 64% 65% FI 62% 64% SE 63% 62% BE 47% 58% SI 58% 57% CZ 58% 56% LU 57% 54% MT 42% 52% AT 49% 2005 52% LT 45% 2003/2004 52% LV 50% 52% FR 47% 47% PL 45% 47% DE 45% 46% SK 30% 42% IE 45% 41% HU 39% 39% IT 42% 38% PT 31% 36% ES 45% 32% CY 20% 26% 15% EL Internet usage among children by country(compared to the previous surveys) German children are in the low-range in Europe when it comes to using Internet (according to their parents).

16. 65% NL 52% 65% DK 53% 59% SE 50% 57% FI 45% 52% LU 31% 50% BE 34% 48% SI 36% 48% EE 44% 45% UK 58% 39% DE 26% Home 36% AT 37% 36% School MT 44% 35% CZ 44% 34% FR 31% 34% EU25 33% 28% IE 28% 27% LV 33% 25% IT 17% 22% PL 33% 22% LT 34% 22% ES 15% 20% CY 19% 17% PT 27% 16% HU 31% 15% SK 39% 11% EL 15% % of parents declaring that child uses Internet at homeand at school Home is the most common place in nearly all of the ‘old’ Member States. Home gives the possibility of multiple and flexible access. This pattern also applies to Germany; usage at home is more common than usage schools (39% vs. 26%). This is expected to change fast, with increased home usage.

18. Aged 16-17 87% Aged 14-15 80% Aged 12-13 70% Aged 10-11 41% 36% All children Aged 8-9 23% Aged 6-7 7% Aged <6 2% % of children owning a mobile phone (by age brackets)

19. Use of Internet among children and ownership of cell phones (by age brackets and gender) % Average level of Internet use in E25, people above 15 years

20. 71% DK 54% 68% NL 34% 67% EE 51% 65% FI 57% 65% UK 40% 64% SE 49% 62% BE 37% 58% SI 52% 57% CZ 56% 56% LU 39% 54% MT 37% 52% LT 54% 52% LV % using the 54% Internet 52% AT 50% 52% FR 28% % owning a mobile 51% EU15 36% phone 50% EU25 36% 48% NMS10 38% 47% DE 36% 47% PL 32% 46% SK 40% 42% IE 38% 41% HU 34% 39% IT 38% 38% PT 36% 36% ES 28% 32% CY 39% 26% EL 30% Use of the Internet compared to owning a mobile phone – by country In some mid/low Internet penetration countries, like Lithuania, Latvia, Cyprus and Greece, mobile penetration among children already exceeds Internet access. Challenge: the future is mobile What implications will this have for our safety work – in hotlines and awareness nodes. What messages to send when technology varies? A mobile phone is also an Internet access device, a publication tool and a credit card, a GPS sender…- and a phone! And it is always on.

21. Parental control and regulation

22. Rules have been set for child's use of ...? 41% 42% Television 34% 14% 20% 22% Internet 11% EU25 4% EU15 19% 19% Mobile phone 18% NMS10 6% AC/CC 4 19% 20% Computer 17% 3% 17% 20% Electronic games consoles 5% 3% Setting rules for the Internet… TV RULES!

23. Media usage rules set by German parents

24. Top Internet rules set by German parents: • Rules regarding time allowed to spent on the Internet (70%) • Not allowed to give out any personal information/privacy (67%) • Not to allowed to visit some websites/indecency (66%)

25. Sitting with children when they are online All types of parents claim to sit with their children, experts or not experts

26. Same question from SAFT Norway 2006 – asked both parents and children:Q34.1: (C) When I am on the Internet at home, my parents sit with me while I surf...Q20: (P) How often do you sit with your child while he/she is on the Internet? Filter: The child uses the Internet Where did the 65% parents go? % % her

27. How to create awareness? – listen to the children, not the parents!

28. The home is the number one place of Internet use, connecting children through PCs, Xboxes, - several times a day Q14: Do you have an Internet connection at home? Filter: Uses PC at home, 94% - of those 4% are not connected • Significant  ”At my own PC / computer” • Boys • 13-16 yrs • Parents with university degree • Significant  ”At someone else’s computer” • Girls • Middle child • Comes home to an empty house % her

29. Children have taught themselves about the Internet – and that has implications for their user patterns and communication with parents. Q80: Where have you learned the MOST about the Internet? • Since 2003: • In Norway the parents play a bigger role. • In Ireland teachers have less influence. % Filter: Use Internet test

30. Parents believe that the Internet = web pages with information on travel, banking and news.Children have sophisticated user patterns – games being the number one activity. Q19: What kind of things do you do on the Internet? % Filter: Uses the Internet, 96% her

31. Q19: (C) What kind of things do you do on the Internet? PromptedQ15: (P) As far as you know, what does your child use the Internet for? Unprompted Parents believe that children use Internet the same way they do – for web pages with information on travel, banking and news.When parents talk to children about the Internet – they really mean the web BTW – children have on average 2,6 more e-mail accounts than their parents are aware of. Filter: The child uses the Internet % her

32. The difference in user patterns have implications – E.g. it has made children more restrictive regarding submitting personal information online. Filter: Use Internet Q37: Information you would give about yourself over the Internet to win a prize in a contest • Since 2003: • In both countries the results show that the children are more cautious in giving out information. % test

33. Q38: (C) What information about yourself would you giveover the Internet to win a prize in a contest? YesQ44: (P) Would you allow your child to submit the following personal information on web-sites directed towards children? Yes …and parents more liberal in allowing children to submit personal information % % Filter: The child uses the Internet her

34. Observations and implications for awareness work • Children start using Internet and other electronic media before school age • Children have sophisticated user patterns – parents dont • Parents see Internet and other electronic devices as TECHNOLOGY, children see them as ”NATURAL” • The traditional family media culture was different for Internet introduction than other mass media • Children can apply old rules for new technology – on- vs. off-line is not a problematic divide • Children feel this is their area – they have taught themselves, use it for communication with each other and have differnt user patterns and interests than adults

35. Observations for the German situation • Children start using the Internet and mobile phones when they are very young and their start up age will continue to drop • Their prime use arena will be the home • German parents may not feel this is applicable to them, and that the school will teach children what they need to know • Safe, competent and critical behaviour can be learned early • German parents should ask their children if the are and what they do on the Internet – not to control, but to start a dialogue • Focus on young children both towards parents, via schools and directly is vital to cope with current and future challenges

36. The Future Safety Challenges • Privacy • Critical competence • Bullying • Commercial issues and costs

37. My strategy and advice • Give non – technological advice • Focus on cross-platform applicable advice • Focus on user empowerment • General issues like privacy, source criticism, self confidence and worth, - directly to the children and young people • Media Literacy – not Internet/games/mobile safety • Critical competence ”solves most issues”

38. Schools, ISPs, government/local authorities, NGOs and mass media all play a vital role in delivering safe use messages – coordination is the key to success!

39. Thank you!Elisabeth.staksrud@media.uio.no ww.saftonline.no Full Eurobarometer report available at http://europa.eu.int/information_society/activities/sip/eurobarometer/index_en.htm