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Chapter 8

Chapter 8. Cell Reproduction. In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that is made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA. Chromosome. A type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells. Histone.

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Chapter 8

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  1. Chapter 8 Cell Reproduction

  2. In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that is made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA Chromosome

  3. A type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells Histone

  4. One of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis Chromatid

  5. The region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis Centromere

  6. The material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes; a complex of proteins and DNA strands that are loosely coiled such that translation and transcription can occur Chromatin

  7. One of the pair of chromosomes that determines the sex of an individualXX = FemaleXY = Male Sex chromosome

  8. Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome Autosome

  9. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis Homologous chromosome

  10. A micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible in a cell during metaphase; a graphical display that shows an individual’s chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size Karyotype

  11. A cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes Diploid

  12. Describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes Haploid

  13. A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size Binary Fission

  14. In eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP Mitosis

  15. Reproduction that does not involve the union of games and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent Asexual Reproduction

  16. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells (gametes or spores) Meiosis

  17. A haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote Gamete

  18. A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins Interphase

  19. The division of the cytoplasm of a cell; cytokinesis follows the division of the cell’s nucleus by mitosis or meiosis Cytokinesis

  20. The first stage of mitosis and meiosis in cell division; characterized by the condensation of the chromosomes and the dissolution of the nuclear envelope Prophase

  21. One of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists in the movement of chromosomes Spindle fiber

  22. One of the stages of mitosis and meiosis, during which all of the chromosomes move to the cell’s equator Metaphase

  23. A phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes separate Anaphase

  24. The final stage of mitosis or meiosis, during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes Telophase

  25. The precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two Cell Plate

  26. The pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis Synapsis

  27. The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis Tetrad

  28. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination Crossing-over

  29. The regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic makeup that is different from that of the parents Genetic Recombination

  30. The random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes Independent Assortment

  31. The process by which male gametes form Spermatogenesis

  32. The production, growth, and maturation of an egg, or ovum Oogenesis

  33. Describes a molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends Polar body

  34. Reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite Sexual Reproduction

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